North American Expansion for Threads Apparel

Unit I: Question 7 Case Study: North American Expansion for Threads Apparel Managing Information Technology (Brown, DeHayes, Hoffer, Martin, and Perkins, (2012) In this electronic age, the recent trends in Information Technology (IT) have influenced competition and have changed the way we work. Let’s examine how this has happened. In regards to competition, we can walk into any electronic store like Best Buy and see numerous brands of computer and computer software.HP and IBM were primarily hard ware vendors but have taken a significant slice of the pie in this competitive market. Currently they rank #1 and #2 in the world as IT companies. Some other IT companies that are major players in this industry are Dell, Acer (Taiwan), Lenovo (China), and Apple. Additionally, from Japan, you have Toshiba, Fujitsu, and Sony. In regards to software alone, Microsoft dominates the market. Apple has its own operating system, but with all the other companies listed, you will see a Microsoft operating system.With all the companies that were listed, it is easy to see how competition has helped tremendously in keeping prices down. The first computer I bought cost me $2500. It was a Pionex, 512 mb of RAM, Pentium processor, 120GB Hard Drive and a 15inch monitor than could be used for a boat anchor. The computer I have now cost me 1/3 the price. It has an Intel Core I5 processor, 1TB hard Drive, 6 GB of RAM, DVD RW drive, and a 24 inch monitor that weighs about 5 pounds.Now that we have seen that computers are made bigger, better, and cheaper, let’s discuss how they have changed the way some companies do business. One way is, thanks to the internet, almost anything you want to buy can be delivered to your doorstep in just a few days. You can trade stocks, file your taxes or even unemployment online. IT has helped more people to conduct business from home instead of the, sometimes, long commute into work. In the business world, information travels faster and faster.It allows virtual meetings and also the ability to send files via email in a matter of seconds. IT has moved from huge computers to laptops or even smaller with smartphones. With my own smartphone, I have sent email, browsed the internet, accessed sport channels, watched movies, taken pictures, taken videos, viewed Microsoft Word and Excel files, downloaded music, and, oh yes, made phone calls. I even had a BlackBerry work phone that my Computer Support Assistant (CSA) from the AF base linked up to my government secure email.In conclusion, we have discussed how the IT industry is very competitive and how this competition has helped keep prices down while they continuously make improvements. We also discussed how IT has influenced some of the ways we work. With the speed IT is changing, if there is something you don’t like, wait a few minutes, the industry has just changed again. Brown, Dehayes, Hoffer, Martin, and Perkins, (2012), Managing Information Technology: (7th Ed). Uppe r Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson/Prentice Hall 2 Retrieved from http://money. howstuffworks. com/technology-changed-business. htm

Constructions Of Working Class Masculinity English Literature Essay

â€Å" In recent old ages sociologists have been shocked to detect that blue-collar work forces really spend far more clip with their kids that their professional coevalss, and experience far less threatened by the additions of feminism. ( This is likely because, as DH Lawrence pointed out a long clip ago, the working categories are surer of themselves sexually ) . Propertyless work forces make natural male parents in a manner that other work forces, obsessed with position and calling promotion, merely do non. In Beckham ‘s relentless beauty, ne'er more compete than when looking at his boy, we seem to see all that work forces could be- that stamina and that tenderness combined without struggle or cruelty- if merely they stopped seeking to command everything so much, if they stopped worrying for five proceedingss about looking soft † ( Julie Birchill on David Beckham in The Guardian ) . Masculinity is frequently determined by a adult male ‘s physical visual aspect and how brave they are ; physical strength and following a epic nature is therefore necessary to stand up for oneself and support 1s household. Many of the work forces in working category literature execute manual labor, such as excavation or working in a mill, in order to supply a life for their household. In contrast, although it become more frequent for adult females to work during and after the Second World War, work forces did non adhere to this function reversal, and assisting out domestically was non something which they carried out. Richard Hoggart suggests that many adult females would non desire their hubbies to lend to the domestic jobs, despite their ain heavy work load, â€Å" for fright he is thought womanish † ( 35 ) . Furthermore, Hoggart asserts that working-class male childs shortly get the sense that â€Å" it ‘s different for work forces † and accordingly they contribute less to household care than their sisters ( 36 ) . And though a cause for concern, these â€Å" unsmooth male childs are frequently admired ; the head-shaking over them is every bit proud as it is contrite — ‘ [ H ] vitamin E ‘s a existent chap ‘ people say † . Therefore, although work forces must be married in order to to the full accomplish their maleness, they must besides continually emphasize their heterosexualism, doing certain to ever act in the right mode for their gender. Alan Sillitoe ‘s ‘Saturday Night and Sunday Morning ‘ conveys maleness chiefly through Arthur Seaton ‘s averment of his heterosexualism seen through his intervention of adult females and heavy imbibing, yet besides through his ambivalent mentality on matrimony. Arthur Seaton appears to contemn the thought of matrimony, naming it ‘the dizzy and unsought threshold of snake pit ‘ ( 156 ) , yet he loves disbursement clip with Brenda and entertaining her kids, and by the terminal of the novel, with Doreen, ‘they spoke of acquiring married in three months. ‘ ( 217 ) Arthur, nevertheless, is highly judgemental towards other work forces, ‘Arthur classified hubbies into two chief classs: those that looked after their married womans, and those that were slow. ‘ ( ? ) He says this as if to warrant his matter with Brenda ; Jack must be slow and therefore non worthy to be Brenda ‘s hubby. Arthur believes the ‘slow ‘ hub bies to be less masculine ; they are incapable of delighting their married womans, which is why their married womans are finally unpatriotic, ‘There was something lacking in them, non like a adult male with one leg that could in no manner be put right, but something that they, the slow hubbies, could easy rectify if they became less selfish, brightened up their thoughts, and looked after their married womans a bit better ‘ ( 41? ) . Ironically it appears that the less masculine hubby is less attentive to his married woman ‘s emotional demands. A farther sarcasm is evident when Arthur states that despite his utilizing Brenda and making incorrect, ‘If I of all time acquire married, he thought, and have a married woman that carries on like Brenda and Winnie carry on, I ‘ll give her the biggest gluing any adult female of all time had. I ‘d kill her. My married woman ‘ll hold to look after any childs I fill her with, maintain the house spotless. And if she ‘s good at that I might allow her travel to the images now and once more and take her out for a drink on Saturday. ‘ ( 145 ) This scene clearly depicts Arthur as the alpha-male. He wants to take control, and when he does hold a married woman, he is certain she will make as she is told. Furthermore, he is egotistic and indurate, particularly when he states, ‘Brenda was n't deserving the problem he ‘d been through to maintain her ‘ ( 145 ) , despite the fact it was his mistake she got pregnant, and his determination to trans port on the matter whilst cognizing she was married, which conveys Arthur ‘s irresponsible and barbarous nature. Arthur invariably acts how he wants ; ever taking to move as a ‘man ‘ , when truly, he is portrayed as objectionable and petroleum. We are introduced to Arthur ‘s stereotyped manfully physique early into the novel where he is depicted as a ‘tall, iron-faced, crop-haired young person ‘ ( 34? ) . The usage of the word ‘iron ‘ makes him sound tough, about unbreakable, and this becomes evident in the novel through his difficult imbibing and the battles he gets into. Arthur ‘s maleness is asserted from the gap of the novel, through his description of ‘crafty weaponries around female waists ‘ , conveying his involvement in adult females from the start of the novel. His manfulness is conveyed through his imbibing wonts besides, and the initial rhyme used on the phrases ‘best and bingiest ‘ and ‘piled-up passions ‘ ( 9 ) emphasises Arthur ‘s exhilaration that it is the weekend and he can imbibe more than usual, whilst adding a conversational tone. The colloquialism besides creates a welcoming tone to the gap of the novel, which encourages us to ab initio warm to Arthur as a character. The exhilaration in this gap chapter is starkly contrasted to the humdrum of Arthur ‘s workplace, ‘a hebdomad ‘s humdrum transplant in the mill was swilled out of your system in a explosion of good will ‘ . The apposition within this sentence clearly shows Arthur ‘s grasp of his weekends and the sibilance in the latter half of the sentence conveys a tone of felicity and relaxation since this is his clip to rest. Furthermore, the ‘slow-turning Big Wheel of the twelvemonth ‘ high spots the sense of humdrum and it mirrors the cyclical construction of working category life. The gap to the novel besides introduces Arthur take parting in a imbibing competition with a crewman. It is both the ability to imbibe and the component of competition that are stressed in this peculiar episode, ‘It seemed an even competition for a long clip, as if they would sit at that place sloping it back for of all time, until Loudmouth all of a sudden went green halfway through the 10th pint ‘ ( 11 ) .Arthur ‘s successful achievement in both can be read as an avowal of hegemonic maleness. In contrast to Arthur ‘s imbibing being associated with maleness, in Walter Greenwood ‘s novel, ‘Love on the Dole ‘ , imbibing appears by the way instead than conspicuously. The fresh condemns Ned Narkey for his inebriation and leads us to dislike his character. For illustration, when Ned confronts Sally about why she will non get married him, he states, ‘ah ‘ll mek certain that that chicken rat up street do n't either†¦ non if Ah have t ‘ swing for him ‘ , mentioning to Larry Meath. His bibulous province nowadayss him as unstable, and we do non desire him to be with any adult female. ( 145 ) . Furthermore, when he sees Sam Grundy speaking to Sally after he has had a few drinks, his violent nature is conveyed and we see the negative consequence which imbibing has on him, ‘Blind hatred and enviousness dominated him ; his urge was to snap at Grundy ‘s pharynx, fling him to the floor and kick his encephalons out. ‘ ( 188 ) . This perceptual experience of maleness is criticised and his aggressive linguistic communication is non applauded, contrasting to the light-heartedness of Arthur ‘s imbibing competition in ‘Saturday Night and Sunday Morning ‘ . Furthermore, in ‘Love on the Dole ‘ , Mr. Hardcastle ‘s opposition to ‘the enticement to travel drown concern and wretchedness in drink ‘ ( 94 ) is praised, which highlights that the more manful pick in this instance is non traveling down to the saloon to acquire rummy ; Mr. Hardcastle understands this will do no difference to his state of affairs. Therefore, in order to be manfully is to back up 1s household, which can non be achieved through heavy imbibing. Similar to Greenwood, George Orwell does non commend imbibing through his novel, ‘The Road to Wigan Pier ‘ , and decides non to include it at all. B. Clarke observes that Orwell, â€Å" Does non reproduce images of inebriation and force † which appear in Sillitoe ‘s, ‘Saturday Night and Sunday Morning ‘ . This elevates the mineworkers ‘ position and conveys their maleness in a different visible radiation. They are still physically powerful, yet Orwell presents them as non experiencing the demand to asseverate their manfulness through difficult imbibing, purposefully giving the mineworkers, who are stand foring the working category, a â€Å" stable individuality † . A farther building of maleness in ‘Saturday Night and Sunday Morning ‘ is the gallant nature of Sam ; he is masculine in a different manner to the other working category work forces in the novel since he does non utilize aggression or vulgar linguistic communication. His physical visual aspect is described as ‘a compact Black with a composure, intelligent face ‘ ( 191 ) which juxtaposes the old description of Arthur as holding a face every bit hard as Fe. Furthermore, he is ‘dressed in a well-pressed khaki ‘ ( 192 ) demoing how he takes pride in his visual aspect. Sam besides contrasts Arthur in his attack to hard state of affairss, for illustration, when a battle is about to get down when they go to the saloon for a drink, Arthur accidently spills a little sum of beer on a adult female when he is go throughing the drinks over, and when her hubby intervenes, ‘Arthur clenched his fists, ready to nail him ‘ . ( 194 ) Therefore, he sees fo rce as the reply, whereas Sam calmly states, ‘what ‘s the affair? ‘ ( 194 ) conveying how he is polite and well-spoken ; unlike Arthur, Sam uses fluency over force. Labor is made up of either physical work in the mill or office work ; the former bears associations with the working category whilst the latter with the in-between category. For illustration, the working category figure of Harry Hardcastle in Walter Greenwood ‘s ‘Love on the Dole ‘ despises his work as a clerk at the pawn store chiefly because he views being ‘a mere thruster of pens ‘ ( 21 ) as holding feminine intensions. Therefore, in-between category work was considered as effeminate, intending working category work forces who worked in offices were non considered every bit masculine as those who worked in manual, physical labor. This is contrasted to Harry ‘s dream of working at Marlowe ‘s, which he describes as ‘majestic, impressive†¦ tremendous technology works†¦ with work forces, engaged in work forces ‘s work ‘ ( 19 ) . Greenwood ‘s huge scope of adjectives used to depict Marlowe ‘s are all what Harry aspires to be, and he associates these descriptions with being a existent adult male. Similarly, George Orwell, through his novel, ‘The Road to Wigan Pier ‘ makes the physical work of the mineworkers appear really manfully, and as B. Clarke observes, Orwell, â€Å" insists that mineworkers are bound together partially by their attachment to a traditional signifier of maleness founded on manual labor, physical bravery, and endurance † . Orwell therefore praises these work forces ‘s masculine qualities, such as their physical bravery, endurance and solidarity. He appears really passionate about the work they do, portraying them as heroic, saying that excavation is a ‘Superhuman occupation ‘ ( 19 ) . Many of the work forces died whilst making their occupation, and Orwell presents the dangers of excavation through his narrative ; therefore underscoring the issue sing the development of the working categories. In contrast to the great regard we form for the mineworkers in ‘The Road to Wigan Pier, through ‘Saturday Night and Sunday Morning ‘ , we develop a deficiency of regard for Arthur ‘s hedonic attitude towards his societal position ‘And so it was possible to bury the mill, whether inside it sudating and striving your musculuss by a machine, or whether sloping ale in a saloon†¦ the mill did non affair. The mill could travel on working until it blew itself up from excessively much velocity ‘ . The initial rhyme on ‘sweating/straining/ ‘ and muscles/machine ‘ are all words connected with physical work, underscoring Arthur ‘s maleness. Although his statement about his work-place non counting seems careless, Arthur ‘s warmer side becomes evident when he juxtaposes this to things which do affair in life, ‘But I, he thought†¦ will be here after the mill ‘s gone, and so will Brenda and all adult females lik e her still be here, the kind of adult females that are deserving their weight in gold ‘ . ( 45 ) This description of adult females is beautiful and the initial rhyme on the ‘w ‘ sound conveys how Arthur is underscoring his point that his does hold some regard for adult females, and he is non wholly barbarous and remorseless ; he conveys how maleness does has a softer, more emotional side along with its stereotyped intensions. Due to the economic wants of the post-war period, Sillitoe intentionally presents his characters as taking to maximize their ain pleasance to foreground an dreamer inclination behind hedonism ; working category work forces found it difficult to confront the troubles of the post-war period. For illustration, when Arthur is present during Brenda ‘s gin and hot-bath abortion, he is highly insouciant about it, comparing it to ‘watching the telly with no portion in what he was seeing. ‘ ( 88 ) Arthur therefore conveys no mark of compassion for Brenda ‘s agony. Furthermore, on the same dark, he sleeps with Winnie, Brenda ‘s sister, ‘he could barely retrieve Brenda, believing that possibly he had dreamed about her sometime, but nil more ‘ ( 96 ) . This is flooring after he has merely watched her abort their babe, and his description of merely cognizing her through his dreams suggests that possibly something is incorrect with him mentally ; this coul d, nevertheless, merely be his manner of covering with guilt. If he truly feels no guilt, and has no scruples, although extreme, Arthur could good be thought of as a psychopath. Arthur ‘s rebelliousness of moral values and negligent attitude is conveyed when Arthur and Fred witness a adult male throw a pint glass at a store window, and a female informant ‘held the bewildered perpetrator by his carpus ‘ ( 108 ) whilst they wait for the constabulary. Arthur ‘s immorality and hideous nature is depicted through his sexually derogative description of this adult female ; he loathes her for non allowing the improper adult male flight, ‘She ‘s a bitch and a prostitute†¦ a blood-tub, a murphy face, a swivel-eyed gett, a Rat-clock. ‘ ( 113 ) This deadly spring of misogynism and barbarous linguistic communication portrays Arthur ‘s dominant, aggressive maleness, yet Sillitoe is finally showing this signifier of maleness in a really negative visible radiation.

Classical and Humanist Management Theories Essay

â€Å"Classical and humanist management theories have had a major influenced on modern theories of leadership. Making effective use of appropriate models and theories critically examine whether this is actually the case. † Civilization is the product of those who came before us. The evolution of today’s modern management thinking has grown and developed since nineteenth century and flourished during twentieth. The twentieth century is just part of revolution management theory which started from classical theory, ranging to human relation approaches and last flourishing now. Management theory is out coming result of the interdisciplinary efforts of many people. Today the new modern theories of leadership, come up based on classical and humanist management theories, still develop and grow as an organisation. Leadership is setting a new path or vision for a cluster that they follow; a leader is the spearhead for that new direction. Management controls or directs people/resources in a group according to principles or values that have already been established. The main difference between them comes from what happen if there is one without another. If leadership comes without management then sets a track or visualization that others follow, without considering too much how the new direction is going to be achieved. Other people then have to work hard in the trail that is left behind, picking up the pieces and making it work. Management without leadership; controls resources to uphold the current situation or confirm things happen according to already-established plans. In Organizing Genius (Addison-Wesley, 1997) Bennis and Patricia Ward Biederman point out those leaders of great teams pick talent on the basis of excellence and ability to work with others. Good leaders are not afraid to hire people who know more than they do. Jack Welch has said that his biggest accomplishment has been finding great people. A leader should project responsibilities that involve a person’s competence and values. A good leader also reinforces motivation and develops ability through coaching. Leaders know how to keep their people focused. Good leaders can build incredible relationship and can build trust. The interest of leadership come in the early 20, when was considered that great leaders are born not made. The ideas and theories started developed after then. On the other hand those irreplaceable qualities of good leaders are based on beginning of management. The first management ideas, actually, were record in 3000-4000 B. C, when the pyramids were about to be build. Then the beginning of the modern organisation occurred with the theory called The Founders during the middle of the nineteenth century with the rise of the factory system. After came Pre-Classicism with Robert Owen (1771-1858) and Charles Babbage (1792-1871). And then the twentieth century becomes witness on the most memorable theories called Classical School. The Classical School of Management was period of management theory ferment and activity. It was based on improvement of management effectiveness in organisations. It wasn’t only about effectiveness in worker please but they also seek to provide needed tool for more effective work and satisfied workers. Within the classical school there are the bureaucratic management, administrative management and scientific management branches. The era of the ideas of Modern theories started with Scientific Management. Frederick Taylor put the beginning of the contemporary and still improving management. He advocated a change from the old system of personal management to a new system of scientific management. His theory argues that, each person’s job should be broken down into elements and a scientific way to perform each element should be determinate. Workers need to be careful selected and properly trained for particular job. The good corporation between management and workers is compulsory. His theory was accepted with many positive fatbacks and negativism as well. But to modern readers, he stands convicted by his own words (1975): â€Å"†¦ in almost all of the mechanic arts, the science which underlies each act of each workman is so great and amounts to so much that the workman who is best suited to actually doing the work is incapable of fully understanding this science, without the guidance and help of those who are working with him or over him, either through lack of education or through insufficient mental capacity. Scientific management come across with significant success. Taylor bring a success and to economic standpoints. Productivity met improvement because of his methods. After Scientific management come Human Relations Movement with Elton Mayo’s experiences in the Hawthorne Works Experiments. Mayo’s theory met success; his impacts were the creation of the industrial engineering. Max Weber – Bureaucracy come after Mayo’s scientific management. Max Weber believed that civilization was changing to pursue technically best outcomes at the outflow of emotional or humanistic content. Weber did not advocate bureaucracy; indeed, his writings show a strong caution for its excesses: â€Å"†¦the more fully realized, the more bureaucracy â€Å"depersonalizes† itself, i. e. , the more completely it succeeds in achieving the exclusion of love, hatred, and every purely personal, especially irrational and incalculable, feeling from the execution of official tasks† While Weber was basically a spectator rather than a stylish, it is pure that his forecasts have come true. His principles of an ideal bureaucracy still circle true today and many of the evils of today’s bureaucracies come from their different from those ideal principles. Unfortunately, Weber was also successful in predicting that bureaucracies would have extreme difficulties dealing with individual cases. It would have been captivating to realize how Weber would have combined Mayo’s results into his theories. It is probable that he would have seen the â€Å"group dynamics† as â€Å"noise† in the system, warning the bureaucracy’s potential for both efficiency and inhumanity. In 1970s and 1980s, Charismatic Leadership states Effective leaders inspire assistants to obligate themselves to goals by interactive a visualisation, exhibiting magnetic behaviour, and setting an influential individual case, described by Weber as long with bureaucracy. He put the development of leadership based on well-known management. Henri Fayol – Administration. Fayol’s administration theories dovetail into the bureaucratic superstructure described by Weber. He believed that management has five principle roles; to control, to organise, to forecast and plan, to command and to coordinate. Fayol developed fourteen principles of administration to go along with management’s five main roles. Fayol’s five principle roles of management are still actively practiced today. Development of management and leadership had continued with Frederick Herzberg (1923-) , Abraham Maslow (1908 – 1970) and on. Mary Parker Follett supported for a human relations importance equal to a mechanical or operational emphasis in management. Her work contrasted with the â€Å"scientific management† of Frederick W. Taylor (1856-1915) and evolved by Frank and Lillian Gilbert, which stressed time and motion studies. Apart of all that, in mid-1970th the Hersey–Blanchard situational leadership theory was introduced as â€Å"situational leadership theory†. It is a leadership theory conceived by Paul Hersey (professor) and Ken Blanchard (author). The theory argues active leadership is task-relevant and there is no solo best flair of leadership. The theory contained the following qualities as the main qualities of a good leader; telling, selling, participating and delegating. According to Hersey and Blanchard (1980); â€Å"Effective leaders need to be flexible, and must adapt themselves according to the situation†. They had separated their theory into two fundamental concepts; Leadership Style and the individual or group’s Maturity level. First described above and second describes below. The individual or group’s Maturity level: M1 – They absence the exact services vital for the work in pointer and are powerless and reluctant to do or to take duty for this job or task. M2 – They are still incapable to take on responsibility for the task being done; they are keen to work at the task. M3 – They are knowledgeable and talented to do the chore but nonexistence the poise to take on charge. M4 – They are experienced at the task, and relaxed with their own skill to do it well. They need to be clever and willing to not only do the task, but to take responsibility for them. In conclusion, management include and put the base on organisations, it is that organisation which makes functions, such as planning, budgeting, evaluating and facilitating. On the other hand leadership is a relationship, an essential part of an organisation. They are response for selecting talents, motivating, coaching and building trust. From Classical human approaches to the modern leader theory there were a big different, the theories will last to change and improve, but on based on the main management theories. It is clear that modern organizations are powerfully influenced by the theories of Taylor, Mayo, Weber and Fayol. Their principles have become such a solid part of modern management that it is hard to believe that these perceptions were unique and new at some opinion in history. The current idea that these impressions are â€Å"common sense† is strong compliment to these creators.

Martin luther king paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Martin luther king paper - Essay Example These victories were achieved a year and two years after Luther’s electrifying speech of 1963 delivered from Lincoln Memorial. Advancement towards racial equity was also evident for Africa Americans by 1968. With such historical changes within America’s after Luther’s great speech, this paper explores ethos and logos as use in his speech moving people to embrace change. Logos rhetoric is used in the speech excellently and is demonstrated through high-level reasoning and logical plea. Everything that Luther says is justified like the generalization concerning segregation and discrimination. For instance, the speech begins by stating America’s history followed by an explanation of the reasons why there was a meeting. According to Luther, a time had come when God’s children would enjoy opened â€Å"...doors of opportunity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Luther also explained clearly the reason for holding the meeting at Washington as intended at â€Å"†¦cash a check†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (852) This meant that all men, black and white, would be certain of alienable rights, pursuit of happiness, and liberty and this words aligned with independence declaration. Luther analogously presented the way thing were during the independence days and the way things would be in coming days. He cites that â€Å"We cannot be satisfied †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (854) walking unaccompanied, with exhausted bodies, or with children robbed their self-esteem and their adulthood exposed. One great usage of pathos was Luther himself. He was an unbearable symbol of American the wrongs in America’s culture and the Americans themselves resulting to his idolization and coronation with a national holiday in Luther’s name. Such an honor indicates the extent to which Americans trusted Luther and supported his call to protest, demonstrate, and march in search of an America free from racism, materialism. The speech also uses

International Dimensions Of Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International Dimensions Of Business - Essay Example Briefly, the Haier Company came in existence by the year 1984 in a Qingdao, in the Shandong province. Following this, the company specifically does manufacture home appliances over 15,100 products. Consequently, the above data did basis on 96 categories of different specifications. Back in 2006 April, the Haier firm had come to 6,189 mark of original technology products that they had manufactured. To add on that the company did acquire software certificates of about 589 from intellectual property rights. Essentially, the Haier products in marketed their products in over 100 different countries. Apparently, the Haier Company sponsored the Beijing 2008 Olympics games (Nancy & Allison, 2008, p.90). In summary, the company has its headquarters in the Shandong province at a place known as Qingdoa in the republic of china. Additionally, the company has almost 50,000 employees worldwide and has over 240 subsidiaries. Concerning the financial status, the company has revenue of about 103.4 bi llion RMB that is global. Consequently, this averages to 68% annual growth between the year of 1984 and 2005.Haier Company is the most profound company that has undergone dynamic changes. Furthermore, it is now the most successful company globally. Therefore, it is important for one study the company. The company gathers a range of issues that are comprehensive for one to learn. Some of the subsidiaries that came to be on the list were Qingdao Haier Company, limited on the stock exchange of the Shanghai as well as the Haier electronic group limited that was listed in the Hong Kong stock exchange. As most companies, the Haier had to have business tock as follows: manufacturing and product development, trade, research on technology and lastly the finance services. Notably, the company did stick on its line of production for several issues namely; freezers, microwave ovens, washing machines, televisions, computers, mobile phones and lastly commercial air conditioners. In the summary of the introduction Haier Company came into existence in the year 1984, in the Qingdao city in the province of Shandong, and lastly, it is in china. It was the first white goods company of the china republic and eventually, it did distribute its products in five continents, which are 160 countries. The company had over 70 thousand employees over the world. Ranking Subsequently, during the year of 2006, Haier Company was in 86th position out of 500 of most prominent brands. Notably one of its achievements was that this is the only company that came to top 100 positions consecutively for three years. It is noteworthy that the company improved its reputation in that it was the first among the Chinese brands to acquire appropriate recommendations in its financial reports globally by the year 2006. The reports came in generation by the Canada state and in addition, the group got world climate rewards from the U.S.in summery, this is few achievements of the Haier Company. The productions of the Haier Company Following this, the Haier Company did manufacture a wide range of products from refrigerating cabinets, air conditioners, computers, water heaters, and home theater, televisions, and mobiles phones among the many that have not been in mention. Furthermore, Haier is leading in the technology domains of home furniture that are integrated by intelligence, digitization, and extensive integration of circuits. Haier’ global branding deal Company did aim at getting to a position of local brand in several markets worldwide in concurrence with the superior competitiveness of the product in relation to tough corporate operation. International business structure comprises of the universal design network, production, distribution and as far as procurement of after sale services (Shaw & Onkvisit, 2008).

Planning Commission Meeting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Planning Commission Meeting - Assignment Example The issues at hand included pollution due to poor disposal of wastes, carbon gas emissions due to transportation and use of fossil fuel. Protection of water catchment areas from industrial pollution was also a major concern which prompted the constitution of the commission. The agenda for the meeting was set by Rebecca Devooght as the chairperson of the commission. It appears the issue on environmental sustainability through reducing pollution has been a concern and a point of discussion for the last 10 years or so since it emanated from the late 90’s, though major escalating factors arose in 2007 leading to the formation the commission to look into the green-house gas process (Birch and Wachter, 60). Planning Commission members: The planning commission on environmental sustainability was composed of women and men in a manner to put into consideration gender balance. It had four males and four females. The males were Fred Bauries, Paul Cervenak, Bill Hartwig and Stephen Wooden while the females were Rebecca Devooght, Emily Fleury- vice Chair, Lynsey Clayton and Julie Jones-Fisk During the meeting every member contributed where others raised the contentious questions while the others provided the responses. Suggestions provided were discussed with the opinion of the members well incorporated and therefore it was an all inclusive participation for all the members of the commission. This implies that the findings of the commission are a genuine representation of the views of all members representing the different groups. During the meeting, various aspects of planning were considered in reviewing the possibility of coming up with a practical plan for sustainable environment in the city. Questions came up on the comparison of how the recycling facilities were being applied in other citities. This included practicability and efficiency of using such recycling facilities. The modalities and methods of making the recycling system more practical and applicable w ere explored and finally, it was concluded that it was better to use cans in collecting garbage and the cans should be colored differently to give the users an easy time in identifying which type of garbage should go in each can. This would make the cans easy to use and would provide room for easy recycling of the garbage as the materials will be sorted according to classes and the ability to be recycled or not. The aspect of cost of such a system also came up as to whether it was possible to develop other means which were more efficient in terms of providing energy but at lower cost. The other challenge the commission encountered was in trying to establish who was responsible for what kind of planning among the various interest groups. It was difficult to establish this because the recycling of materials such as furniture and garbage was done at different times of the year by different groups (Birch and Wachter, 152). Even if a recycling center was established, it was difficult to engage a constant and efficient recycling staff who could do this regularly without being underutilized. The students could be disposing their furniture or garbage at a particular time while businessmen and women would tend to dispose garbage on a regular basis. This is an activism commission which is trying to put checks on the city council of management. The issue of environmental sustainability is an issue that

Armageddon--A Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Armageddon--A - Movie Review Example The combination of drama, love story, and humor helped in the development of plot, although the main story is about a rogue comet about to hit the Earth’s surface, which would define the fulfillment of the Armageddon prophecy found in the Book of Revelations in the Bible. The comet possesses a gigantic size that it would be impossible to destroy it using a nuclear weapon coming from the Earth’s surface, which leaves NASA to the possibility of drilling down to the comet itself, splitting it to half and preventing it from impacting the planet. Deep Impact, a movie of the same genre came out before Armageddon. However, according to Leong, Armageddon has done what Deep Impact has failed to do. Deep Impact failed to leave an emotional mark to its audience due to an excessive presentation of characters and vague subplots. Armageddon on the other hand, provided a cathartic effect to its viewers, in the array of professional and award-winning actors. A favorite scene would include the part when Grace Stamper (Liv Tyler) and her dad Harry (Bruce Willis) exchange goodbyes through a television monitor live where the comet is located (Armageddon).

Theory Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Theory - Term Paper Example This paper will examine EBP and identify theories that affect nursing interventions and implications in primary care nursing and also highlight some of its drawbacks. The use of EBP in healthcare setting differs from conducting research. This is because in clinical settings, EBP aims at implementing the latest evidence provided by research to guide patient care towards the best achievable outcomes. A prominent characteristic of EBP is that it encourages the cultivation of the spirit of inquiry, which basically questions existing of conventional practices. Through enquiry, practitioners of primary care nursing can challenge the conventional practices and create room for changes and improvements (Yoder-Wise, 2012). For instance, clinical questions designed in the PICOT format (they deal with patient population, the issue, comparison population, outcome and time involved) are crucial in establishing the most relevant search procedures that yield quality information in the least time possible. Then, before it is implemented or integrated, the information (or evidence) is critically appraised to ensure it is valid, reliable and applicable. The signifi cance of critically appraising evidence can best be understood from the perspective of increasing professional and public need for accountability in quality improvement and safety in primary care nursing (Yoder-Wise, 2012). This is even more pronounced by the fact that preventable harm is usually caused by key deficits in conventional practices that often go unquestioned. Decision making in EBP entails integrating knowledge and experience gained through an individual’s expertise, research evidence and client preferences in the perspective of available resources (Berwick, 2009). Therefore, decision making in EBP is a prescriptive approach towards how choices are made and is founded on ideas of improving theories so that they can be useful and relevant in

Integrated Case Study - Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Integrated Case Study - Assignment - Essay Example Taking reference from the past experiences, ASHH PLC currently intends to implement its marketing and other associated sustainability theories within the ‘Indian hospitality sector’ so as to improvise its efficiency, survival and profitability factor irrespective of the increasing level of global competition. In keeping with these aspects, the discussion will focus towards evaluating all the sustainability strategies, that ASHH PLC have planned for implementing in the hospitality sector of India. The details regarding these aspects have been provided in the undermined sections. If seen from the economic growth perspective, it can be stated that hospitality industry within India has attained considerable amount of growth in the last few years and thus is currently accounted as an economic factor. As an additive advantage, the Indian government within the past few financial years has also projected high level of flexibility in terms of permitting appreciable amount of foreign investments (Hotel News Now, 2013). However, multiple issues are ought to arise, taking consideration of the fact that the political scenarios within India are quite different in comparison to that of Sri Lanka from where the ASHH PLC belongs. One such issue can be described as the bureaucratic environment that clouds the functionality and growth factor associated with the Indian hotels. This issue often gets linked up and is reflected as a security factor, which in turn distorts the likeness of the international customers who expects hassle free luxury and accommodation. ASHH PLC will have to deal with this issue before they strategize to expand their coverage within the domestic markets of India (Hotel News Now, 2013). The second identified issue that might restrict the functionality and profitability of ASHH PLC is regarding the price centric nature of the Indian customers. From the psychological

A business proposal on direct marketing in social media Essay Example for Free

A business proposal on direct marketing in social media Essay This paper is a research proposal about direct marketing in the social media. With the involvement with the error of computers, ways of managing marketing have been increased. Each technique comes with its major benefits and constraints. This research proposal targets on evaluating the usefulness of social media in direct marketing. The development of social media as a direct channel is not without its challenges. According to the study, the top two constraints for marketers came down to looking for the most relevant tactics for gauging success and launching business objectives. Being able to measure success is important for any direct marketing work, and that is why it is significant not to disregard this vital step. With the correct trappings, marketers can produce viral social media operations that can be track, restrained, and improved to maximize access and return on investment (Ellsworth Ellsworth, 1994, p. 386). This research paper targets to establish how effective is managing direct marketing in social Medias. (b) Scope of the study             Social media is a treasured new instrument in a direct marketers toolbox, nevertheless it desires to be improved and utilised properly to undertake the tasks. Creating it informal for clients to share newsletter or Web site content over social grids is just the start. Direct marketers ought to improve viral programs that completely exploit the systems true capability. Finally, one needs to identify ways to measure their success, which will allow persons to fine-tune their exertions going onward. Leveraging social media as a direct system also allows fundamental tenure, which is crucial to capitalize on triumph across all sections. Eradicating many owners not only rationalizes the practice, but also accelerates having one unified approach that can house the business goals of multiple departments, such as public relations, customer service, and sales. Clumsy management by numerous sections can lead to varied communications that hinder the companys ability to attract followers, fans, or other influencers. Social media marketers comprehend the value in directing targeted messages and gauging their success, which is why it is not astonishing that many companies are leveraging their email marketing departments to board on social media creativities. 2.0 How to conduct the study (a) Methodology: Research Philosophy, Approach, Strategy and Methods               There are various approaches of obtaining information while conducting research. These methods of obtaining information refer to as research methods. Research methods include personal interviews, literature searches, focus groups, and email surveys, telephone surveys, talking with people and mail surveys. Literature search entails going through already sourced materials to obtain information. Materials that are readily available with information are such as newspapers, magazines, relevant trade publications, company literature, online materials and any other relevant and already published materials. This method of conducting research is one of the cheapest methods for conducting research. Online data is a quick research process that lies under this category of information research methods. It is very fast in obtaining information. Talking with people is another good method of gathering information for a project. It is most relevant at initial stages of conduct ing research for a project. It is mostly preferred when looking for the information that is not publicly available (Cohen Morrison, 2003, p. 179). To obtain adequate information on the effectiveness of directing marketing in social media chose to use various methods for sourcing the information, each strategy of obtaining the information is analysed below and its effectiveness and efficiency on information deliver. The information to be research will be too new again to be got in literature resources, therefore, preferring to look for it from real persons. For example, talking with people will be through seminars, association meetings, customers, suppliers, and all other types of business conversations. A focus group is concerned with a study to explore peoples attitudes and ideas. It will be used to obtain information about something new in the market and effectiveness of social media in promoting its awareness. Group focus method obtains the information from a selected group of the people called the sample. The information acquired could be based on the process of selecting a sample. The most preferred method for sample selection is a random selection; this is preferred because, all the characters stand an equal chance to be select. Email and internet analyses are comparatively original and few is available about the outcome of sampling bias on internet surveys. While it is noticeable that in ternet survey most regards effective and quickest way of dispensing a study, the demographic outline of the internet handler will not represent the general population, although this is changing. Before doing an email or internet study, One shall carefully consider the effect that this bias might have on the results. Social media include such as Facebook, twitter, eBay amongst many others. They are friendly in nature and this reduces the may processes of formalities needed. In social media, personal conduct with a client is ensured; a person can communicate directly to the client and hence reach him or her in a better way to explain him or her about his products. Personal interviews are a technique to get detailed and all-inclusive information. They engage one person interviewing another person for person or comprehensive information. Personal interviews are very costly because of the person-to-person nature of the interview. Normally, as an interviewer, I will ask questions from a documented questionnaire and list the answers word-perfect. Occasionally, a questionnaire is merely a list of topics that the study wants to confer with a business professional. Personal interviews because of their expense are on mostly used only when subjects are not probable to react to other survey techniques. This will allow the researcher to get information about the effectiveness of direct marketing from individuals that I would not have got through any other research method. Telephone surveys are the fastest method of collecting information from a comparatively bulky sample. As an assessor, I will track an organized writing that is fundamentally identical to a written questionnaire. However, different from a mail survey, a telephone survey would permit the chance for sure judgement searching. Telephone surveys usually last fewer than ten minutes. Typical charges are between four and six thousand dollars and they can be accomplished in two to four weeks. Mail surveys are a cost current way of collecting information. They are best for big sample amounts, or when the sample is sourced from a wide geographical area. They charge a little less than telephone interviews, but they take over double as long to complete normally, eight to twelve weeks. Since there is no interviewer, there is no likelihood of interviewer prejudice. The foremost shortcoming is the incapability to review respondents for more complete information. In conducting research on social media marketing, one needs to outline the target group well. The target group shall be outlined clearly, because the mode of advertising will be a framed in a way to suit it. By conducting good research, information that is the most basic for a set form of marketing will be acquired. It is good to note that even time and the way of marketing selected dictates the target group of managing the marketing. Social media marketing offers a wide geographical advertisement. Social Medias is the most necessary forums where a person can meet a very large number of people from different ethnic groups. It is very easy to capture the target group within a very short as opposed to all other channels of advertisement. 3.0 Why is there need to study this topic 3.1 Contribution to the field            While some companies perceive social Medias as mere channels for building knowledge on products, there is evidence that direct marketers are competing to possess huge demand generation potential. The assessment outlines the land grab that is going on in organizations over regulation of social media; with 29 per cent of respondents say social media is being shared by many departments. However, possession by direct marketing acquires the top with 36 per cent of respondents. As the setting of reference, solitary 9 percent of respondents suggest public relations sectors own that social media. That social media is a workable and influential direct channel is vibrant. Nevertheless, the review also exposes social medias strong linking with email promoting. In fact, 66% of salespersons plan to assimilate the two channels in 2009. This move wholly makes logic: Email is a vital part of social media, as it is relied upon to keep members knowledgeable about the up-to-date news and informs. Additionally, assimilating the two networks permits marketers to get a more opinions of the customer, which is necessary for conveying effective and relevant communications (Bird, 2000, p.126). Direct mail is a posted mail that publicizes ones business and its goods and services. There are many different categories of direct mail. For example catalogues, postcards, envelope mailers. Direct mail operations are typically, sent to all delivery customers in a zone or to entirely customers on a marketing list. Telemarketing entails contacting viable customers through the phone to sell products or services. Telemarketing is skilful of generating new customer prospects in huge bulks. Nevertheless, a fruitful campaign involves scheduling and using correct and well-researched customer data to match customer profiles to product profiles. Email marketing is a cost-effective, simple, and measurable method of reaching consumers. It can include e-newsletters and promotional emails to create new leads or deals for existing clients, or ads that can perform in other businesss emails. 3.2 The significance of the study             The study is important, as it would study social media as a forum for conducting direct marketing. Through the study also one gets to know several contributions of different methods in giving information about social media. By researching on direct marketing and social media, one gets to appreciate its effort in increasing the knowledge of different products of a business. The study will allow marketers in choosing the most appropriate method of product promotion in the future. Social media can be used successfully as a marketing tool for business as it gives someone a chance to interact directly with his/her customers and often share significant product or service information. Consider developing a profile for a business firm that permits one to promote your products and services while also cheering customers to deliver feedback by leaving comments; this is the advice from one of the social network owners. It is of very great importance to adopt direct marketing in social media (Sheehan, 2010, p. 45). Taking a lesson from directing marketing, social media marketing is best served only by focusing on activities that result in measurable results. If persons believe that business page gathers fan with greater affinity to the brand, maybe researchers can also believe that we would not be able to measure the effects of that brand loyalty it in a way that is particularly satisfying. It is for more productive to think of social media as a direct marketing system, and create campaigns and track results in a manner that is related to direct marketing. Not all customers are created equal. Some customers fall into what marketers refer to as ‘heavy user category. These customers purchase products or services with the highest profit margin or simply frequent ones business more often than the average. This important group is the most valuable asset and one probably wish you had more like them. A business grows due to trusted customers and well crediting policies. Through direct marketing, it would be very easy to create awareness of the existence of your business establishment. Social media provides an environment to conduct direct marketing that help to improve on sales (Zarrella, 2010, p. 109). In direct marketing, we know that people tend to befriend with others who are similar to themselves; they live in the same neighbourhoods, engage in similar activities, and so on. This tendency makes targeting profitable customers much easier. Most customer databases are transactional in nature. They capture sales, product numbers, and customer names. They do not, however, help to create messages or track results. To make issues tracking efficiently, one will need to attach the national field to your customer records, which makes note of their social media affiliation. As new customers are acquired, it is helpful if coupons or specials that the new customer might use are tracked back to a social media outlet, allowing you to see results over time. In addition, one may be able track results that provide some substance to the real contribution that greater brand loyalty of social media followers provides to your business. This provides a glimpse of how direct marketing in a social medi a, is helpful in tracking customers (Kotler Armstrong, 1991, p. 283). 4.0 Timeline of the study               When the goal is to produce a rapid reaction to a coupon or incentive, traditional direct marketing channels are the best. Coupons perform well online, but conventional media rules up better. Nevertheless, one can use social media to add importance to the customer interaction by lashing target customers to interactive and participative website or any other informational areas. This adds value to the usefulness of direct marketing in the social media, based on previous research proposal (Evans, 2008, p.19). 5.0 Effectiveness of accomplishing the task:                  The research proposal is set comprehensive enough to cater for demands for a marketer in conducting research. The different method employed would ensure every detail concerning directing in social media is realized by the research. This research methodology lacks discrimination of standards or organizations to ensure that it would source for the information from all groups and levels of people in the world. The speed and accuracy of obtaining the information are ensured in the research proposal through employing new technologies and electronic devices such as computers in the research. These electronic devices would ensure safe storage of data for reference reasons. It also provides a quick accessibility of information since the storage is convenient to retrieve quickly. This would assure researchers the confidence of accomplishing the task successfully. Whichever way one approaches it, the usage of business social networks is very likely an aspect in some side of your marketing plan (Sargeant West, 2001, p 113). 6.0 Ethical issues in marketing and social media                   The benefit of business making the product and to their customers through the use of online support forums is evident. The difficulties are solved more often than not by other customers, reducing the overall support expenses. While product inventors do a decent profession of testing and anticipating issues, given the difficulty of real life, they just cannot match a span of application environments that are likely to exist. Unexpected errors occur. Proceeding to online support, the only real solution is a call to customer service. The difficulty is, though, that not only is direct and personal customer support crew is often unable to reproduce the issue for the precise reason it occurred in the first place: they fail to have a particular set up or environment that their products have been deployed in (Hofacker, 2001, p. 831). The extent to which direct marketing is useful to an organization expansion is very vital. The major contribution of social media is that it facilitates to bring awareness of products and services to people. Social media also serve to give a wide geographical coverage in advertising (Tuten, Solomon, 2013, p 78). In the case of research on the business, social Medias also provide readily available information. Direct marketing is cost effective when done in the social media relatively to when conducted by other channels (Zimmerman, 2013, p. 311). Its was free to create an advert in a social media page and the information reaches many individuals within less time. Direct marketing in social media would also help to improve on clearing the existing bias of a product. A bias about a product may amount from false information about a product mostly generated by the competitor. The list on usefulness of direct marketing in social media marketing cannot be depleting. For a successful growth in market size, direct marketing in social Medias is the most appropriate strategy (Raab, 2010, p. 99). References Bird,  D. (2000). Commonsense direct marketing. London: Kogan Page. Cohen,  L., Manion,  L., Morrison,  K. (2003). Research methods in education. London: RoutledgeFalmer. Direct Marketing Design: The Graphics of Direct Mail and Direct Response Marketing. (1985). New York: PBC International Inc. Ellsworth,  J.  H., Ellsworth,  M.  V. (1994). The Internet business book. New York: Wiley. Evans,  D. (2008). Social Media Marketing: An Hour a Day. Indianapolis, Ind: Wiley. Hofacker,  C.  F. (2001). Internet marketing. New York: Wiley. Journal of Direct Marketing. (1987). New York, N.Y.: John Wiley Sons., Inc. Kotler,  P., Armstrong,  G. (1991). Principles of marketing. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall. Raab,  G. (2010). The psychology of marketing: Cross-cultural perspectives. Burlington, VT: Gower. Sargeant,  A., West,  D.  C. (2001). Direct interactive marketing. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. Shaw,  K., Emily H. Davis Art Gallery (1978). Market research. Akron, Ohio: Emily H. Davis Art Gallery. Sheehan,  B. (2010). Online marketing. Lausanne: AVA Academia. Smith,  P. (1995). Direct Marketing. Hampton, Middlesex [England: Key Note Publications. Tuten,  T., Solomon,  M. (2013). Social Media Marketing. Boston: Pearson. Zarrella,  D. (2010). The Social Media Marketing Book. Beijing: OReilly. Zimmerman,  J., Ng,  D. (2013). Social Media Marketing All-in-One for Dummies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Source document

The purpose of accounting and its role in the management of a busienss

The purpose of accounting and its role in the management of a busienss Introduction Understanding how a business operates and what makes it successful requires knowledge of the accounting process. This unit introduces you to the purpose of accounting and its role in the management of a business organisation. Accounting involves the recording of business transactions, and this in turn, leads to the generation of financial information, which can be used as the basis of good financial control and planning. Inadequate record-keeping and a lack of effective planning ultimately lead to poor financial results. It is vital that owners and managers of businesses are able to recognise the indications of potential difficulties. Remedial action can then be taken. This unit should give you the skills and knowledge needed to understand and manage finances. The unit is divided into two distinct parts. The first is an understanding of the accounting processes necessary to provide accurate and relevant financial information. The second part is the practical aspect of carrying out those accounting activities. You will be introduced to accounting terminology as they study the purpose and function of accounting and consider the various categories of business income and expenditure. It is important to know the sources of an organisations income and the nature of its expenditure as this clarifies the basis of its profitability and enables more effective control of the business. This control begins with the planning process and learners will study the use of a cash flow forecast which requires managers to set cash flow targets that can be monitored and adjusted on a regular basis. You will consider the effective management of cash flow and the implications of cash flow problems. The link between business failures and cash flow problems will be highlighted. The measurement of an organisations financial performance and position requires an understanding of a basic profit and loss account and balance sheet. This understanding permits the analysis of profitability, liquidity and efficiency of the organisation through the application of ratio analysis. Analysis will always require comparison of current figures with those from a previous accounting period or those of a similar business organisation. You will discover the method of carrying out ratio analysis as well as the meaning and implication of the figures. General information Making the grade Each of the elements that make up a part of the assignment has been graded to show their level of difficulty. As you complete each element successfully you will have achieved the grade indicated for that particular element. There are four elements that have been graded as a Pass (P), two graded as a Merit (M) and two graded as a Distinction (D). It is important to remember that you must successfully complete all 4 Pass elements before you can be awarded a Pass mark for the assignment. Only when all 4 elements have been achieved can you be considered for a Merit grade. Equally, you must complete both Merit elements before you can be considered for a Distinction mark. Completing your assignment Here are a few tips to help you be successful; Begin your research straight away Keep a file with all your work, from rough research to final reports Keep a record of where all your research information came from and list them in your bibliography. Use the Assessment Evidence sheet in the assignment and the detailed explanations of each part to make sure you complete everything you are required to and keep all the evidence required to achieve PASS, MERIT and DISTINCTION marks. You will find that ticking each one off as you complete them will be really helpful. It is strongly recommended that you meet the interim deadlines shown in this document as your lecturer will have the opportunity to ensure you are making good progress and to help with suggestions for the next part of the assignment. Only work handed in by the interim deadline dates will be marked at that stage. It goes without saying that you must complete and hand in your final version of the Assignment on or before the final deadline date. Part One (relating to P1) Understand the purpose of accounting Scenario You have been recruited to helping your uncles family set up and run a clothing shop called DessiDesigns on the Broadway. In the past they set up and ran smaller scale businesses, but have muddled up their finances. Your knowledge and guidance regarding financial aspects will be essential to build this into a successful venture. Task 1 Prepare a short report (500 600 words) for your uncle and aunt explaining the purpose of accounting. Explain why it is important to record transactions. (P1) Hints from the syllabus Purpose: record transactions; monitor activity; control; management of the business (planning, monitoring, controlling); measurement of financial performance (gross profit, net profit, value owed to and by the business). Grade criteria P1 Describe the purpose of accounting. How you will be marked To achieve P1, learners will describe clearly the main purpose of accounting for an organisation. The description may be brief but it should be accurate and should incorporate the recording of historical data to be able to check on financial performance and position, as well as the planning aspect of management accounting. Part 2 relating to P2 Understand the categorisation of business income and expenditure Task 2 Write a short (200 words) explanation regarding the difference between capital and revenue items of expenditure and income. Use examples to help you so that your uncle understands each. Task 3 Complete the exercise (overleaf) putting various examples of income and expenditure into the revenue and capital categories. Task 3 relating to P2 Nameà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Put each of the following into the correct category below Advertising paid Investment from owner Purchase of stock Bank charges paid Investment from partner Rent paid Buildings bought Issuance of shares Rent received Business rates paid Land bought Salaries paid Cash sales received Lighting bill paid Sales commissions paid Commissions received Loan from bank Stationary bought Credit sales received Machinery bought Telephone bill paid Fittings bought Mortgage from bank Trademarks bought Furniture bought Office equipment bought Training paid for staff Goodwill bought Patent bought Transportation of goods Heating bill Pensions paid Vehicles bought Insurance premium paid Postage paid Wages paid Interest on loans payable Printing paid Revenue income Capital Expenditure Revenue expenditure Capital income Grade criteria P2 Explain the difference between capital and revenue items of expenditure and income. How you will be marked For P2, learners will be expected to identify the different categories of capital income, capital expenditure, revenue income and revenue expenditure as listed in the unit content. This may be achieved in a number of ways. For example, learners could examine a specific type of organisation, identifying the likely income and revenue and indicating in each case whether it is of a capital or revenue nature. They should also describe clearly what is meant by each category. At this stage, learners are not expected to calculate profit or to know the impact of the income and expenditure items on profit. Hints from the syllabus Capital income: sole traders; partners; shares; loans; mortgages. Revenue income: sales (cash and credit transactions); rent received; commission received. Capital expenditure: fixed assets (land and buildings; office equipment; machinery; furniture and fittings; motor vehicles); intangibles, eg goodwill, patents, trademarks. Revenue expenditure: premises costs, eg rent, rates, heating and lighting, insurance; administrative costs, eg telephone charges, postage, printing, stationery; staff costs, eg salaries, wages, training, insurance, pensions; selling and distribution costs, eg sales staff salaries, carriage on sales, marketing; finance costs, eg bank charges, loan and mortgage interest; purchase of stock (cash and credit transactions). Part 3 relating to (P3, M1, D1) Be able to prepare a cash flow forecast Task 4 To achieve P3 you must prepare and complete accurately a cash flow forecast for DessiDesigns. The scenario will be given to you to complete in class. Grade criteria P3 Prepare a twelve-month cash flow forecast to enable an organisation to manage its cash. How you will be marked. For P3, learners should construct a twelve-month cash flow forecast from the information given in a scenario, accurately calculating each months receipts, payments, opening and closing balances. Hints from the syllabus Cash flow forecast: structure; timescale; credit periods; receipts (cash sales, debtors, capital, loans, other income); payments (cash purchases, trade creditors, revenue expenditure, capital expenditure, Value Added Tax (VAT)); opening and closing cash/bank balances. Once you have accurately completed and passed the task 4 cash flow exercise, you will use the information for tasks 5 and 6 where you will analyse the cash flow forecast you have completed and identify potential problems of the business and move further to suggest possible solutions. Task 5 Analyse the cash flow for DessiDesigns and discuss problems the business might experience (M1). Use the figures you have prepared. (As a guide you should identify at least 3 issues and describe why this are problems for the business based on the cash flow forecast. In order to pass this section you must make your report relevant to your uncles business.) Grade criteria M1 Analyse the cash flow problems a business might experience. How you will be marked For M1, learners should comment on the cash flow, highlighting any problems that are evident, such as a shortage of cash as a result of costly capital expenditure in one month. Hints from the syllabus Cash flow management: problems within the cash flow forecast, eg insufficient cash to meet payments that are due. Task 6 Based on your uncles business DessiDesigns recommend and justify actions for them to help them improve the cash flow and overcome the cash flow problems identified in task 5. (D1) (As a guide your report should be approximately 1000 words and should give reasons for your recommendations. In order to pass this section you must make your report relevant to your uncles business). Be prepared for a viva of your work. (This will be in the form of a few questions to assess your understanding you will be given an appointment time to enable you to prepare for this). Grade criteria D1 Recommend and justify actions a business might take when experiencing cash flow problems. How you will be marked For D1, learners will make appropriate recommendations to solve the cash flow problems, such as retiming large payments or arranging an overdraft. Learners should show awareness of the dangers and costs of poor financial planning. Hints from the syllabus Solutions, eg overdraft arrangements, negotiating terms with creditors, reviewing and rescheduling capital expenditure Part 4 relating to P4 Understand profit and loss accounts and balance sheets Task 7 Explain the component parts of a profit and loss account and balance sheet provided for DessiDesigns. Describe the purpose and use of the trading, profit and loss account and balance sheet. Explain how gross profit and net profit are calculated. You will be given a sample PL statement and a Sample Balance Sheet for DessiDesigns to comment on. Grade criteria P4 Explain the component parts of a profit and loss account and balance sheet in a given organisation. How you will be marked For P4, learners will describe the purpose and use of the trading, profit and loss account and balance sheet. They will also explain how gross profit and net profit are calculated by indicating the kinds of income and expenditure that are included. Learners will be presented with a trading and profit and loss account and a balance sheet for a business organisation, which should be set out using the vertical style. Learners will label the cost of goods sold section and the overheads section of the profit and loss account. Hints from the syllabus Profit and loss account: purpose and use; trading account and calculation of gross profit (sales, purchases, opening and closing stocks); calculation of net profit (overheads, other revenue income, eg discounts received); commission received; transfer of net profit to balance sheet. Balance sheet: purpose and use; vertical presentation; order of permanence; fixed assets; current assets; intangible assets; long-term liabilities; current liabilities; working capital; net assets; transfer of net profit from profit and loss account; capital employed. Part 5 relating to P5, M2, D2 Be able to review business performance using simple ratio analysis Task 8 P5 Perform ratio analysis to measure the profitability, liquidity and efficiency of DessiDesigns. Calculate the following ratios for the business given show the formulas and all the working out. Explain what each ratio tells us about your uncles business. Profitability Liquidity Efficiency Gross profit % of sales Current ratio Debtors payment period Net profit % of sales Acid test ratio Creditors payment period Return on capital employed Rate of stock turnover Grade criteria P5 Perform ratio analysis to measure the profitability, liquidity and efficiency of a given organisation. How you will be marked For P5, learners will outline clearly what is meant by the terms profitability, liquidity and efficiency. That description will include the meaning and relevance of each ratio. Hints from the syllabus Profitability: gross profit percentage of sales; net profit percentage of sales; return on capital employed (ROCE). Liquidity: current ratio; acid test ratio/liquidity ratio. Efficiency: debtors payment period; creditors payment period; rate of stock turnover. Task 9 (M2) Analyse the following ratios for the DesiDesigns and explain what each means for your uncle. Relate these to the strengths and weaknesses of the business. Profitability Liquidity Efficiency Gross profit % of sales Current ratio Debtors payment period Net profit % of sales Acid test ratio Creditors payment period Return on capital employed Rate of stock turnover Grade criteria M2 Analyse the performance of a business using suitable ratios. How you will be marked For M2, learners will identify the accounting ratios they will use to measure profitability, liquidity and efficiency and will calculate these accurately, based on the trading and profit and loss account and the balance sheet. The relevant accounting ratios from the previous year, or from another similar type of business organisation, will be given to the learners. Hints from the syllabus Profitability: gross profit percentage of sales; net profit percentage of sales; return on capital employed (ROCE). Liquidity: current ratio; acid test ratio/liquidity ratio. Efficiency: debtors payment period; creditors payment period; rate of stock turnover. Task 10 (D2) Prepare a power point presentation to evaluate the financial performance of your uncles business using ratio analysis. You will be given a second set of ratios to compare your first set of businesses ratios with. Look for trends. Is the business doing better or worse? Make suggestions on what can be done about this. Make sure you give appropriate evidence for your conclusions and recommendations. The presentation will be done individually and will be followed by a few questions by the lecturer or fellow classmates. Grade criteria D2 Evaluate the financial performance and position of a business using ratio analysis. How you will be marked For D2, learners will demonstrate a good understanding of the meaning of the accounting ratios used by comparing the figures calculated with those given. Learners will work in groups to evaluate the performance and position of the business organisation, based on the ratio analysis, giving appropriate evidence for any conclusion made. Learners could present their evidence and findings as part of a group using a PowerPoint presentation or OHTs. Assignment Part 1 Task No Criteria Interim date 1 P1 describe the purpose of accounting P1 Assignment Part 2 Task No Criteria Interim date 2 3 explain the difference between capital and revenue items of expenditure and income P2a P2b Assignment Part 3 Task No Criteria Interim date 4 prepare a twelve-month cash flow forecast to enable an organisation to manage its cash P3 5 analyse the cash flow problems a business might experience M1 6 recommend and justify actions a business might take when experiencing cash flow problems D1 Assignment Part 4 Task No Criteria Interim date 7 explain the component parts of a profit and loss account and balance sheet in a given organisation P4 Assignment Part 5 Task No Criteria Interim date 8 Perform ratio analysis to measure the profitability, liquidity and efficiency of a given organisation. P5 9 Analyse the performance of a business using suitable ratios. M2 10 Evaluate the financial performance and position of a business using ratio analysis. D2 Part 1 P1 describe the purpose of accounting Part 2 P2 explain the difference between capital and revenue items of expenditure and income Part 3 P3 prepare a twelve-month cash flow forecast to enable an organisation to manage its cash M1 analyse the cash flow problems a business might experience D1 recommend and justify actions a business might take when experiencing cash flow problems Part 4 P4 explain the component parts of a profit and loss account and balance sheet in a given organisation Part 5 P5 perform ratio analysis to measure the profitability, liquidity and efficiency of a given organisation. M2 analyse the performance of a business using suitable ratios. D2 evaluate the financial performance and position of a business using ratio analysis.

New Beginnings in Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf :: Whos Afraid Virginia Woolf

New Beginnings in Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf  Ã‚   Edward Albee's Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf is a disturbing and powerful work. Ironically, it is disturbing and powerful for many of the same reasons. As the audience watches George and Martha tear savagely at each other with the knives of hurled words, sharpened on pain and aimed to draw blood, the way in which these two relentlessly go at each other is awful to see, yet strangely familiar. Like wounded animals, they strike out at those closest to them, and reminds one of scenes witnessed as a child between screaming parents from a cracked door when one is supposed to be in bed. In this age of psychoanalytic jargon, George and Martha are the quintessentially dysfunctional couple. Yet, with all their problems, Albee reveals that there is a positive core of feeling that unites these two troubled people and that helps them look beyond their self-created hell. The truth of their relationship is exposed layer by layer as the play progresses, like the peeling of an onion, and though the pattern of this truth appears vague at first, with each cycle of revelation, the pattern becomes more distinct, and the picture is fully revealed in the final, cathartic scene. One of the most consistent themes of the play is the question of George and Martha's "child," and all that this child, and children in general, symbolizes for them. The "child" seems not only a desire for fecundity within their relationship, but also a projection through which they express many of their personal desires, needs, and problems, and, in this context, the child's subsequent "death" signifies a mi lestone in their understanding of their marriage and of themselves. By the end of play, after much suffering and flagellation, George and Martha appear ready to deal with their lives in a new way. George and Martha have a history. They are also emotionally trapped by this history, especially that of their respective childhoods. As a consequence, both are plagued by low self-image and self-doubt. The audience learns of this history slowly, in bits and pieces. Martha tells Nick and Honey in Act 1 how she lost her mother early and grew up very close to her father. She was married briefly, but her father had the marriage annulled. She returned to live with her father after college, and met and fell in love with George.

The difference Between Life In The 1930s And Life In The year 2003 :: essays research papers

In Alabama between 1932 and 2003 many things have changed. The book "To Kill A Mockingbird",was set in the 1930's.I can see many changes in the culture and the general way of life. The book talks about how there was segregation just about everywhere you looked. In the 1930's the white people had their own restrooms along with their own water fountains and the lacks had their own school and blacks usually did not go to school. They were too busy working on the farm to go to school. The schools only had one room for all of the grades. The children usually walked to school in those days,because they didn't have school buses. They also had to bring their own lunch to school in lunch pails. Today children ride school buses to school. It would kill us if we had to walk to school.We are not use to that much exercise. Also today they serve us lunch in the cafeterias. Although it it is not that good at least they try. They have to work with the limited stuff the school board allows them to buy. Speaking of buses, the blacks would have to sit in the back of the bus and the whites sat in the front. Although,thanks to Rosa Parks, who on day refused to sit in the back of th e bus, now blacks can sit wherever they want to sit. Today whites use the same restrooms and water fountains as blacks do. Blacks and whites also attend the same schools. Today schools have different classrooms for every grade. Also in the 1930's women did not get to do much of anything, except be a housewife and mother. They did not get to vote on a president or anything for that matter. Women could nt even be on the jury in a trial. The only people that could serve on a jury were white men who owned property, but now almost anyone can serve on a jury. Today women can vote just like men can. Most women work outside of the home and some women make as much ,if not more, money than men do at their jobs. There was a Great Depression in the 1930's. During this time President Hoover was trying to fight against unemployment. The percentage of unemployed people rose 25 percent during this time. With unemployment continuing to rise, President Hoover urged congress to provide up to 150 billion dollars for public works to create jobs.

Behaviorial Based Interviewing :: Human Resources

Behavioral interviewing is a technique employers use to determine if you are a good fit for the job. This is accomplished by asking questions that pertain to your past behavior. The information gained through this technique is used as an indicator of your future success. In other words, the answers you give about your past experiences will be used to predict your future performance (Quintessential) Employers use often use behavioral interviews to evaluate the candidates past behavior and experiences to determine their potential for success within the company. Organizations need to be prepared in searching for the right employee. There may be a wealth of talent looking for a job, but it's important to find right person who "fits" the company. Dr. Paul Green of Behavioral Technology, Inc. developed and trademarked the behavioral interviewing system. In behavioral interviewing, employers expect candidates to succinctly reveal specific stories about relevant work situations they encountered. If the interviewer does not receive an sufficient answer, the interviewer usually probes the candidate to receive more concrete examples. Although some consider this task time consuming, it is a valuable method in narrowing a large pool of applicants. In this technique, employers learn how people actually behaved in certain situations in prior jobs. Many human resources professionals believe this is a very effective predictor of behavior in future positions (Green). The employer identifies job-related experiences, knowledge, behaviors, skills, and abilities that the company desires for the particular position. Behaviorial Based Interviewing :: Human Resources Behavioral interviewing is a technique employers use to determine if you are a good fit for the job. This is accomplished by asking questions that pertain to your past behavior. The information gained through this technique is used as an indicator of your future success. In other words, the answers you give about your past experiences will be used to predict your future performance (Quintessential) Employers use often use behavioral interviews to evaluate the candidates past behavior and experiences to determine their potential for success within the company. Organizations need to be prepared in searching for the right employee. There may be a wealth of talent looking for a job, but it's important to find right person who "fits" the company. Dr. Paul Green of Behavioral Technology, Inc. developed and trademarked the behavioral interviewing system. In behavioral interviewing, employers expect candidates to succinctly reveal specific stories about relevant work situations they encountered. If the interviewer does not receive an sufficient answer, the interviewer usually probes the candidate to receive more concrete examples. Although some consider this task time consuming, it is a valuable method in narrowing a large pool of applicants. In this technique, employers learn how people actually behaved in certain situations in prior jobs. Many human resources professionals believe this is a very effective predictor of behavior in future positions (Green). The employer identifies job-related experiences, knowledge, behaviors, skills, and abilities that the company desires for the particular position.

Age Segregation in Pakistan

Richard and Gill walker, looks into the social context of housing for aged ones. It covers the demographic material, facts about social framework of housing for older people. This includes a review of demographic information, evidence relating to the needs, perspectives and choices of the aged people with respect to this housing, along the problems of segregation and marginalization and their impact on their livings.Attitudes towards Old Age: A Study of the Self-Image of Aged is another article by Philip O. SiJuwade, which looks into the ifferent approaches , stereotypes, and age factors which regulates suitable behaviors for the older ones(social image). It states that, old ones have developed their self-image too, which depicts the way they think of themselves and the way ‘others' think of them. This article is based on primary research states that stereotypes have been built about the aged people of the society and they are not treated in the way they deserve to be.Residenti al satisfaction of the older adults in age-segregated facilities is an article by Sandra G. Reynolds and Julia O. Beamish hich looks into the housing satisfaction of old home people with liberated living services. Twenty one residents contributed as a focus group and results showed that these old people liked safe and secure atmosphere and value good design, friendly neighborhood, privacy and residential characteristics. Social Isolation and Loneliness in Old Age: Review and Model Refinemnt is an article by G.Clare Wenger and Richard Davis, presents an empirical literature on social isolation and marginalization and links it with an existing publication. He indicates that main factors of social solation includes marital status, social interaction, health conditions, behavior of ‘others', type ot networking and loss ot mobility One ot the tamous sociologists Livson conducted a research ,'The Transition into Retirement and Old Age' in 1962 and found that survival of family, econ omic condition and health condition along with other factors plays important role as individuals adopts to grow old.She is of the view that changes in economic and health status are not only the issues which require our attention. Most important issue is the adjustment of that particular person into the current situation according to the increasing age. Methodology: My research methodology constitutes both primary and secondary research. My primary research was basically a qualitative one, and I choose to visit an old house situated near Bhhatta Chowk. In old house, I interviewed a total of 15 people in two visits to old house. In those 15 people, 12 were the residents of old house, 7 of them were male and 5 were female.Other than these 12 people I interviewed three more ladies who were there to visit their friends. My interviews were structured and semi structured and I asked question according to the situation and personality of the erson. The focus of my questions generally revol ved around their perspective about this residential segregation and the bonds they have developed within themselves in the old house. So extract the proper information I had discussions about their family background and the reasons for which they preferred or forced to live in old house.

Mcq’s

PMS CSS GENERAL KNOWLEDGE MCQS 1- what plants exhale at night Carbon dioxide 2- velocity of sound M/s3433- 3- Which vitamins not stored in human body? C 4- lake of vitamin c create which disease Skin disease 5-which vitamin helps blood clotting? K 6-Founder of Muslim rule in India? Qutubuddin Abek 7-Razia Sultana belongs to? Slave dynasty 8-Second battle of pani pat fought b/w correct option was not present my answer was none of these(akbar vs himu bakal) 9- Attack fort was constructed By Akbar 10- Marcher lake situated in? Dadu 11- Pakistan number among world  population? 6th 12- share of Punjab among area of Pakistan 5% 13- Length of Khyber pass 53km 14- Uranium resources found in Pakistan? D G khan 15- Mostly part of gobi desert found in ? Magnolia 16- Taklimakan desert found Inxinjaning china 17- Longest river of the world is? Nile 18- Largest sea of the world? South China Sea 19-Largest coastal boundary country? Canada 20- Brazil situated in? South America 21-Which country is peninsula? Saudi Arabia 22- Pakistan situates on which line? 1- equator 2- cancer 3- inecapricorn 4-  none 2- correet answer is option 4 23- McMahan line is situated b/w? India and china 24- Who is david patrias? american general in Afghanistan 5- 1 meter is equal to? 3. 28 foot 26- Caspian sea makes his boundaries with Iran, Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan. 27- Largest agency among area in Pakistan? South Waziristan 28- Old name of Iraq? Mesopotamia 29-Blood is red due to? Hemoglobin 30-Marian trance situated near? Philippines 31- Headquarter of ghandhara civilization is? Texila 32- Head quarter of SAARC is situated at? Katmandu 33- Maximum wool producing country is? Australia 34- Official religion of japan is? Shintoism 35- Which element use for producing nuclear fuel? Uranium 36- How many rooku in 30 Para of Quran? 9 37-which is less conductor? 1- iron, 2-copper 3- silver 4-  wood My answer was wood but not satisfied 38-nigara fall lies b/w USA and Canada 39- Which is smallest country of world among area 1- Maldives 2- Malta 3- San Marino 4- Bahrain Correct answer is option 3 San Marino 40-Holy Prophet PBUH appointed governor of Yemen for collection zakat? Hazrat Muaz bin Jabal 41- How many times zakat  mention in Quran? 32 times 42-which Sura gives details among zakat receiver? Sura Tuba 43-where1st wahii nazall hoe? Ghar-e-hira 44- When zakat declared must 2 hijra 45-Light of sun reach in earth 8. 5 mint While other options was 3mint 4mint 6. 5 mint) 46- Headquarter of ILO situated in? Geneva 47- Muslim league name was purposed by? Nawab Saleem Ullah Khan of Dhaka 48- Jaundice is disturb of which part  of body Liver 49- Quaid Azam leaves congress due ton on- cooperative moment by Gandhi 50-in hepatitis which organ disturb? Liver 51- Nisab in the amount of gold? 87. 48 gram (But in paper there was not dot  present b/w 87 and48) 52- Nisab in silver is? 612. 32 gram 53-produce which is equal to nisab? 948kg wheat or equal 54-if a pe rson having millat1800kg whose prize is half among wheat who many rupees he pay zakat zero 5-who was Father of the French Revolution? Jean-Jacques Rousseau – 56-statue of freedom in new york is given by France 57- Wall street is a famous? Stock market in New York 58- Sunlight consists of coolers? a-1 b- 3 c-7 (Not  confirm waiting for reply) 59-theory of relativity is presented by? Einstein 60- Cash crop is? Which not cultivated for own use 61-artificial cultivated area gives amount usher equal  to 1/20 62- If a person obtained something from underground the amount of zakat applicable? 1/5 63-zakat among goat applicable on? 40 goats 64- Amount of zakat among gold silver  and similar things . 5 % 65- A government company obtained 1 billion net profit tell  who much rupees its gives as  a zakat Zero 66-zakat ordinance promulgated on 20 June 1980 67-according to section17 tauluqa committee is equal to tehsil committee 68- dasman palace is residence ofameer kwait 69-pro celain tower is present inchina 70- which muslim organization founded in 1962 71- crtography is the study of secret writing 72-founder of souct momemtRobert Baden-Powell 73- elysee palace is the  residence offrench president 74- second largest population in afghanistan? tajik 75-worldwide spread disease is called? epidemic 6- zakat year start on according to hijra clender 77- zakat year end ? 30 shaban 78- governer appointe chief administer with the consult withfederal government 79- administerator general appointed bypresident 80- The magnitude of earthquake is measured with? Richter Scale 81- Who forwarded the Lahore(Pakistan) Resolution? A. K fazlul haq 82- East India Company came to India in the reign of: A)Shah Jahan B) Jahangir C) Aurangzeb D) Babar 83- The largest Muslim country according to area is? kazakistan 84- Zakat can be spent on:A)Travelers B) Slaves C) Masakin D)All of these 85- Zakat is exempted on:A)Sheep grazing fed free in pastures B) Fruits  C) Vegetables D) All of  them 86- Who was known as the Man of Destiny? nepolin bona part 87- Adam's Peak is in? sri lanka 88- According to the Zakat Ordinance Zakat arrears are collected by? tehsildar 89- Red Cross/Crescent HQ is in? geneva 90-Brain Draintransfer of Skilled labors 91–light year complete direction in1 year 92–musician of antham isAhmed gulami chagla 93- first ushr receive ? 1982-83 rabi crop 94-DZ committe disolved if]member remain not pious 95- if a person failed  to pay zakat what act can do? send a notice. 1) Which of the following rivers crosses the equator twice? ) Congo 2) Which is the longest river of America? b) Mississippi 3) Don is river of ? b) Russia 4) What is the length  of khyber pass? c) 56 km 5) Longest glacier of the world is  Lambert situated in Antarctica, what is it'slength? a) 320 Miles 6) Which of the following lake is most polluted lake in the world? d) Lake eire 7) Tugela water fall is present in? b) South Africa 8) Gota canal is the sh ip canal situated in ? c) Sweden 9) Kiel canal of Germany was opened in  1895 what is it's length? c) 61. 3 miles 10) Erie canal is situated in ? c) USA 11) Houston and Delware canals are present in the country? b) France 2) Grand canal is oldest man made canal for shiping  purpose situated in? b) China 13) Persian Gulf is located in? b) Arabian ocean 14) Sutherland waterfall is present in? a) New-Zealand 15) Hudson Bay is situated in? c) Northern Canada 16) Which is the largest gulf of the world? a) Gulf of Mexico 17) Which is the largest bay of the world? a) Hudson bay 18) Yosemite is a famous waterfall of ? a) USA 19) Strait of Bosporous connects? c) Black sea and sea of  marmara 20) It separates Italy from Sicily? c) Messina 21) Strait of malacca separates? b) Malaysia and indonesia 22) Which of the following straits separate india From Sri Lanka? ) Palk 23) Which of the following straits separate Malaysia from Singapore? b) Johor 24) Budapest is the capital of  Hungary situated on the bank of? c) River Danube 25) Sea of Marmara and Aegean sea are connected by the strait? c) Dardanelles 26) Cook strait separates south New-Zealand from? b) North New-Zealand 27) Paris is the capital of France situated on the bank of? a) Seine 28) English channel separates England from? b) France 29) Agra is very famous city of India due to Taj Mahal, it is situated on thebank of river? c) Jumna 30) Great victoria desert is present in  ? c) Australia †¢ Yome -Afra is called to Hajj day. Name of the place  where the pilgrims go from Arafat: Muzdalfa. †¢ First structure of Kaaba was built by  Adam. †¢ Ibrahim & Ismail rebuilt Kaaba 4500 years ago. †¢ Yum -e-Nahar is called to the Day of Sacrifice. †¢ Yum e Arafat is 9th Zul Hajj. †¢ One khutba is recited during Hajj. †¢ Al -Imarn is the surah in which Hajj is commanded. †¢ Holy prophet sacrificed 63 camels during  hajj. †¢ Adam and Hazrat Hawa performed  the first e ver Hajj. †¢ Running b/w Safa & Marwa seven t imes is called Sayee. †¢ Most important step of Hajj after assuming Ahram is Wuquf. †¢ Waqoof -e-Arfah is the Rukn-e-Azam of Hajj With the performance of Rami on  the 10th Zil -Hajj, the most of the bindings of Hajj on thepilgrim are released. †¢ Three uprigh t stones are called Jamarat. †¢ After Waquf the most important step is Tawaf. †¢ In Hajj there are three obligations (Farz). †¢ Umrah can be performed  at any time throughout the year  except 9th to 11th Zil -Hajj. †¢ Hujjaj stat at Mina for one day, the second d ay at Arafat and the final day, encampment is donefor a night at Muzdalfah, it is called Wuquf. †¢ Who said that Hajj is  greatest of all worships:Imam Malik. †¢ How many undesirable acts of Ihraam are there: six. How many permitted acts of Ihraam are  ther e:Four. †¢ Prohibitions and restructions of Ihram are  8. †¢ The first and the foremost Farz of  Hajj and Umrah is Ihram. †¢ The first and inner most circle around Ka‘ba is Masjid -e-Haram. †¢ The second circle around Kaba is Makkah Mukaramah. †¢ The third circle around Kaba is Haram. †¢ Who firsly fixed boundaries of Haram, the third circle around Kaaba: Adam. †¢ The fourth cirle around Kaba is Mowaqeet. †¢ The place where no one can advance without putting on Ihram is Mowaqeet. †¢ Two thousand years before the creation of Adam, Kaba was constructed. †¢ Angels built Kaba firstly in  the universe. During the Noah‘s time Kaaba disappeared due to flood. †¢ The gate which is the best for the pilgrims to enter in Kaba is Bab -e-Salam. †¢ Hajr -e-Aswad means black stone. †¢ Actual color of Hajr-e-Aswad was white. †¢ The small piece of land  b/wk Rukn -e-Islam and Rukn-e-Yamani is called Hateem. †¢ The place where offering prayer is just like offering prayer inside Kaba is Hateem. †¢ There are fiv e types of Tawaf. †¢ Hajji go to Al -Multazim after completing the seven rounds. †¢ Al -Multazim means the place of holding. †¢ The portion of the wall of Kaba which is b/w its door and Hajr   -e-Aswad is called al-Multazim. Sayee is commenced from Safa and  ends at Marwa. †¢ After performing Say‘ ee Hujjaj go to Mina. †¢ Muzdalfa is a plain. †¢ Muzdalfa is located b/w Mina & Arafat. †¢ Muzdalfa is located six miles from Makkah. †¢ From Mina Muzdalfa is three miles  away. †¢ Muzdalfa is called Sacred Monument in Quran. †¢ At Muzdalfa Maghrib & Isha  prayers are offered together. †¢ Pebbles are collected from  Muzdalfa. †¢ Jamarat which is nearest to Makkah is  called Jamarat -ul-Uqba. †¢ Smallest Jamarat is Jamarat -al-Sughra. †¢ Rami is held at Mina. †¢ Talbiah is stopped after Rami. †¢ Afrad, Qar‘ran and Tamatae are he types of Hajj. †¢ Dhulhulaifah is the Meeqat for the pe ople of Pakistan. †¢ Dhulhulaifah is a point six mile  from Madina. islamic history month wise outlines Muharram-ul-Haram 1st – Start of new Islamic year2nd – Arrival of Imam Hussain(a. s. ) in Karbala – (61 A. H. )7th – Access to water was blocked from the  camp of Imam Hussain(a. s. ) – the 3rd Holy Imam – (61 A. H. )10th – Ashoora – Martyrdom of Imam Hussain(a. s. ) and his companions – (61 A. H. )11th – Prophet Mohammad(sawaw)‘s family was shackled a nd taken away as prisoners 12th – Soyem of the martyrs of Karbala 16th –Change of direction of qibla from Bait-al-maqdas to Kaaba – (2 A. H. )17th – Attack of Abraha‘s army on Khana -e-Kaaba (1 Aamul Feel)25th – Martyrdom of Imam Ali Zain-al-Abideen(a. s. ) – the 4th Holy Imam – (95 A. H. ) Safar-ul-Muzaffar 1st – Battle of Siffin – (36-37 A. H. )3rd – Birth of Imam Mohammad Baqir(a. s. ) – the 5th Holy Imam – (57 A. H. ) [Disputed date]6th, 8th or 13th – Martyrdom of Hazrat Sakina bint-al-Hussain(a. s. ) – (61 A. H. ) 7th – Birth of Imam Moosa al-Kazim(a. s. ) – the 7th Holy Imam – (128 A. H. ) 7th – Martyrdom of Imam Hasan(a. s. ) – the 2nd Holy Imam – (50 A. H. ) [Disputed date] 7th – Martyrdom of Imam Ali ibn-e-Moosa ar-Riza(a. s. ) – the 8th Holy Imam – (203 A. H. )19th – Abraha attacked Khana-e-Kaaba – (1 Aamul Feel)20th – Arbaeen of martyrs of Karbala 28th – Wisal of Prophet  Muhammad(sawaw) – (11 A. H. )28th – Martyrdom of Imam Hasan(a. s. ) – the 2nd Holy Imam – (50 A. H. )29th – Martyrdom of Imam Ali ibn-e-Moosa ar-Riza(a. s. ) – the 8th Holy Imam – (203 A. H. ) [Disputed date] Rabi-al-Awwal 1st – Hijrat-e-Madina – Start of Islamic Hijri calendar4th – Dea th of Hazrat Fatima  Masooma-e-Qum(a. s. ) – (201 A. H. ) [Disputed date]8th – Martyrdom of Imam Hasan Askari(a. s. ) – he 11th Holy Imam – (260 A. H. ) 8th – Beginning of Ghaibat-e-Sughra of Imam Mohammad Mehdi(atfs) – the 12th Holy Imam(a. s. )9th – Eid-e-Zahra(s. a. )10th – Death of Hazrat Abdul Mutallib(a. s. ) – grand father of Prophet  Muhammad(sawaw) 10th – Marriage of Prophet Muhammad(sawaw) and Hazrat Khadija(s. a. )15th – Building of Masjid-e-Quba – the first Masjid in Islam – (1 A. H. )17th – Birth of  Prophet Muhammad(sawaw) – (53 years before Hijra) 17th – Birth of Imam Jafer Sadiq(a. s. ) – the 6th Holy Imam – (82 A. H. )25th – Death of Hazrat Abu Talib(a. s. ) Rabi-us-Sani 8th or 10th – Birth of Imam Hasan Askari(a. . ) – the 11th Holy Imam – (232 A. H. )10th – Death of Hazrat Fatima Masooma-e-Qum(a. s. ) – (201 A. H. ) [Disputed date] Jamadi-al-Awwal 5th – Birth of Hazrat Zainab bint-e-Ali(a. s. ) – (5 A. H. )13th – Death of Hazrat Fatima Zahra(s. a. ) – (11 A. H. )15th – Birth of Imam Ali Zain-al-Abideen(a. s. ) – the 4th Holy Imam – (38 A. H. ) [Disputed date] 17th – Battle of Jamal – (36 A. H. ) Jamadi-us-Sani 10th – Battle of Mauta and martyrdom of Hazra Jafer Tayyar(a. s. ) – (3 A. H. )13th – Death of Hazrat Umm-ul-Baneen – Mother of Hazrat Abbas(a. s. ) 20th – Birth of Hazrat Fatima Zahra(s. a. ) Rajab-ul-Murrajjab st – Birth of Imam Mohammad Baqir(a. s. ) – the 5th Holy Imam – (57 A. H. )2nd or 5th – Birth of Imam Ali Naqi al-Hadi(a. s. ) – the 10th Holy Imam – (214 A. H. )3rd – Martyrdom of Imam Ali Naqi al-Hadi(a. s. ) – the 10th Holy Imam – (254 A. H. ) 10th – Birth of Imam Mohammad Taqi  al-Jawwa d(a. s. ) – the 9th Holy Imam – (195 A. H. )12th – Death of Hazrat Abbas ibn-e-Abdul Muttalib(a. s. ) – uncle of Prophet  Mohammad(sawaw)13th – Birth of Imam Ali(a. s. ) – the 1st Holy Imam – (30 Aamul Feel) 13th, 14th, 15th – Ayyam-e-Bayd – the bright days15th – Death of Hazrat Zainab bin-e-Ali(a. s. ) – (62 A. H. )20th Birth of Hazrat Sakina bint-al-Hussain(a. s. ) – (57 A. H. ) 24th – Battle of Khaibar – (7 A. H. )25th – Martyrdom of Imam Moosa-e-Kazim(a. s. ) – the 7th Holy Imam – (183 A. H. )26th – Death of Hazrat Abu Talib(a. s. ) [Disputed date] 27th – Event of Mairaj – Ascension of Prophet Muhammad(sawaw) towards heavens28th – Start of journey of Imam Hussain(a. s. ) towards Karbala – (60 A. H. )29th – Battle of Tabooq – (9 A. H. ) Shabaan-ul-Moazzam 1st – Birth of Hazrat Zainab bint-e-Ali(a. s. ) â⠂¬â€œ (5 A. H. ) 3rd – Birth of Imam Hussain(a. s. ) – the  3rd Holy Imam – (4 A. H. )4th – Birth of Hazrat Abbas(a. s. – (26  A. H. )5th – Birth of Imam Ali Zain-al-Abideen(a. s. ) – the 4th Holy Imam – (38 A. H. ) 7th – Birth of Hazrat Qasim ibn-e-Hasan(a. s. ) –  (48 A. H. )8th – Beginning of Ghaibat-e-Sughra of Imam Mohammad Mehdi(atfs) – the 12th Holy Imam – (260A. H. ) 11th – Birth of Hazrat Ali  Akbar(a. s. ) – (44 A. H. )13th, 14th, 15th – Ayyam-e-Bayd – the bright days14th – Evening – Aamal of Neema-e-Shabaan 15th – Birth of Imam Mohammad Mehdi(atfs) – the 12th Holy Imam – (255  A. H. ) 238. The commandment for observing Fast has been stipulated in the Surah†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦   Al-Baqara239. What is atonement for breaking the Fast?To feed 60 people240. It is a door through which fast observing people would enter pa radise. Bab-ul-Riyan241. Which important night falls in Ramzan? Lailat-ul-Qadr242. How many days are forbidden for fasting throughout the year? 5243. In which month virtues flourish and evil is suppressed? Ramzan244. What is the meaning of Aitekaf? Seclusion245. Aitekaf during the month of Ramzan is. Wajib246. Which Rukn-e-Islam is called as shield? Fasting247. Which is the Third fundamental pillar of Islam? Fasting248. When Siyyam of Ramzan was ordered? 2 A. H 249. Tarawih is a prayer of Ramzan. It means†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. To stand250.Which important Ghazwa was fought in the very first Ramzan? Badr251. Who arranged Namaz-e-Tarawih in the leadership of Imam? Hazrat Umar (R. A) 252. Literally meaning of Hajj is†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ The will of visit 254. Hajj was made obligatory in†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 A. H253. Yome- Afra is called†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Hajj Day 254. The Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) performed†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Hajj in his life. One 255. Hajj is a pilgrimage of†¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Holy Kabba256. When did the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) offer Hajj? 10 A. H 257. There are†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. types of Hajj. Three258. In which Surah Hajj has been commanded? Al-Baqara259. How many camels the Holy Prophet (PBUH) scarified? 63260. Shoot meansOne tawaf of Kabba 261. The day of sacrifice during Hajj is called†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Yum-e-Nehr262. The rite of offering sacrifice is performed atMina 263. Jamarat on 10th, 11th, 12th and 13th of the Zil Hajj is performed in†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Mina264. Which two prayers are offered together at Muzdalifa on the 9th Zil-ul-Hajj? Maghrib-Isha 265. The number of Khutbas during the Hajj is†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. One266. The first Hajj was performed byHazrat Adam (A. S), Hazrat Hawa (A. S)267. Who built the first structure of the holy Kabba? Hazrat Adam (A. S)268. What is the fundamental pillar of Islam which requires both physical and financialsacrifices? Hajj269.Literally Jihad meansTo strive hard 27 0. Jihad was ordained on Muslims through a Quranic verse in†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦(A. H)   2nd271. The battle was forbidden i n Arabs in the month of†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Muharram272. The word Jihad is derived from the wordJuhada 273. The meaning of Jihad fi Sbil Allah is†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Fighting in the way of Allah274. What is the meaning of Qital? Fighting275. How many encounters took place between the Muslims and non-Muslims during the lifeof the Holy Prophet (PBUH)? 82276. What is the meaning of Rukn? Support277. What is the plural f Rukn? Arkan278. What is said to Namaz in Arabic? Salat279. What are the meanings of Salat?Rehmat, Barkat280. When Namaz was ordered? On 27th Rajab 10th Hijri on the occasion of Mehraj281. What is the difference between Kufr and Islam? Namaz282. Name the five NamazFajar, Zuhar, Asar, Maghrib, Isha 283. Describe the Farz Rakaats of each NamazFajar 2, Zuhar 4, Asar 4, Maghrib 3, Isha 4284. What are the Farz of Namaz (Salat)? Qayyam, Rakoo, Sajda 285. Which kind of worship is liked by Allah? Namaz286. When Wazoo was ordered? 5 Hijra287. When Azan was started? 1 Hijra288. When Tayammum was ordered? 5 Hijra289. Namaz-Ba-Jamaat is how much better than individual Namaz? 27 times290. In which timings the Namaz is prohibited?Sun rising, suns setting, sun at the mid291. When first azan was read in Kabba? 9 Hijri, on the occasion of conquest of Makah292. Which Namaz Allah likes among Nafli Namaz? Namaz-e-Tahajat293. What the Namaz-e-Jumma and Eids create in Muslims? Collectiveness (Gathering)294. When is Namaz-e-Kasoof read? At the time of Solar eclipse295. When Namaz-e-Kauf is read? When no rains296. How many Takbeers are in Namaz-e-Janaza? Four297. When the order for Tahweel-e-Qibla was made? 2 Hijri298. When first Namaz of Eid-ul-Fitr was read? 1st Shawal, 2 Hijri 1. On Judgement Day, what will be asked first? Namaz2.How many times word Zakat is used in Makki Surahs? 22 times3. What is the rate of usher for canal irrigated Zameen ? 5 per cent or 1/54. Who are not entitled to get Zakat? Parents, Husband, wife and children5. What is the 4th Rukn (pillar) of Islam? Roza (fasting)6. How many Arkan Roza has? Three, to restrict eating, drinking and sexual intercourse7. What are the objectives of Roza? Taqwa, Zabti-Nafas, Shukar8. What we say to 1st Ashra of Ramzan catacomb of fractures and discharge at the lowest point around the reservoir and the Indus River. Damming the Indus has already caused a number of environmental problems that have not yetaddressed.Silt deposited in the proposed Kalabagh dam would further curtail the water storagecapacity of Manchar Lake and other lakes and of wetlands like Haleji Lake. President General Musharraf and other leaders, such as Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz, have   promised ? iron -clad' constitutional guarantees to ensure that Sindh gets its fair share of water. However, these assurances mean little to most Sindhis, who point out that even the earlier 1991Indus Water-Sharing Accord, which is a document already guaranteed by the constitutional body, the Council of Common Interests, has been violated,  and that Punjab has ? tolen† their water. The objection to Kalabagh in Sindh is widespread. Even political parties of Sindh that are in thecentral cabinet and are supported by General Musharraf, such as the MQM, have stronglydenounced the dam. NWFP viewpointThe NWFP has two main objections to the dam. While the reservoir will be in the NWFP, the  dam's electricity-generating turbines will be justacross the provincial border in Punjab. Therefore, Punjab would get royalties from the centralgovernment in Islamabad for generating electricity. Contrary to this,  however, Punjab has agreednot to accept any royalties from the Kalabagh Dam.The fact that the  NWFP will suffer theadverse consequences of the reservoir but not get royalties is seen as unfair. Concerns that large areas of Nowshera district would be submerged by the dam and even widerareas would suffer from waterlogging and salinity  as has occurred with the  Tarbela Dam. Balochistan viewpointThe dam does not directly affect the Baloch as such. Rather, most nationalist Baloch Sardars seesthe dam as another instance of Punjab lording it over the smaller provinces. By opposing the damthey are signaling their disaffection with being the  poorest province and most neglected of all indevelopment.In reality Balochistan can only get more water and its due share after theconstruction of Kalabagh dam and Kachhi canal. The Common Man's ViewpointMajority of people of Pakistan are against the construction Kalabagh dam, as its construction canprove a danger to sustain the unification of provinces under the name ‘Pakistan'. The only peoplewho want the construction of Kalabagh dam can be classified into two groups: The first is thehigh ranked officers of Pakistan army, who  will be granted farmlands to be  irrigated by Kalabaghdam after the retirements (in fact thes e are the  most powerful supporters of dam).The secondgroup is the political leaders of Punjab; since the issue has turned out be a war between Sindh andPunjab, so by favouring the construction of Dam, Punjabi politicians can maintain their vote-bank. The only reason why President Pervaiz Musharaf favours Kalabhgh dam is because he needs the support of Punjab to sustain his dictatorship in the country. All the ? oppressed' provinces (Sindh, NWFP and Balochistan) of the country has already expressed a huge concernover the construction of dam, specially in Sindh where every single street has observed the protestagainst the dam.The people of these oppressed provinces do not believe in any guarantee from ? Punjabiz' Pakistani government as it has already do ne many decisions against theconstitution/treaties, for example, the regulation of water in Chashma-Jehlem link canal. AnalysisMost independent analysts believe that the foremost problem with the proposed dam at Kalabaghis one of a trust deficit between the Punjab on one side and the other three provinces on the other. The noted columnist, Ayaz Amir suggested that the people of Punjab should redefine theirassumptions about the rest of Pakistan and distribution of resources.A layman of Punjab does notunderstand why the rest of Pakistan does not trust Punjab. The answer, according to Amir, lies inthe frequent coups staged by the Pakistan Army (which is overwhelmingly Punjabi in itscomposition), as well as the Army's extra-constitutional intervention and influence in publicsector and civil institutions of the country in general and Sindh in  particular. Now no province isready to trust the Punjab. All Pakistanis agree that Pakistan faces a severe water shortage, and that some form of watermanagement must be implemented soon.Many point out that even if work on Kalabagh were tostart tomorrow, it would still take at least eight  years to complete and commission  such a largedam. In the meantime, the water sit uation would continue to worsen. Smaller dams, barrages, andcanals must be built before that, and water conservation techniques introduced. The WAPDA for years repeatedly changed its statistics on the dam, to the point where no-one inPakistan now believes any of its figures. Government of Pakistan formed a technical committee,headed by A.N. G. Abbasi, to study the technical merits of the Kalabagh dam vis-a-vis the othertwo. The four-volume technical report concluded that Bhasha or Katzarah dam should be builtbefore Kalabagh, further complicating matters. To make matters even more complex, the reportalso stated that Kalabagh and Bhasha Dams could be considered feasible. The abrupt way in which President General Musharraf announced the decision to build the dam,simply overruling the objections of the smaller states, has sharply polarised public opinion.In Punjab the view is one of  ?†¦ its high time! † while in the other states, especially Sindh,  the reactionhas been o ne of ?†¦ over my dead body!?. The fact that the General literally dragged so controversial an issue off the backburner and thrustit into national centre stage without considering  the predictable reactions from the smallerprovinces has left many aghast. Much has been said in the press, and the issue is still far frombeing resolved. KAROONJHAR DAMKaroonjhar Dam is a dam in Tharparkar, Sindh, Pakistan.MANGLA DAMAs per the Indus Waters Treaty signed in 1960, India gained rights for the Ravi, Sutlej and Beasrivers, while Pakistan, in addition to waters of above three rivers in her area and some monetarycompensation, got rights to develop the Jhelum, Chenab and Indus river basins. Until 1967, theentire irrigation system of Pakistan was fully dependent on unregulated flows of the  Indus and itsmajor tributaries. The agricultural yield was very low for a  number of reasons, the  most importantbeing a lack of water during critical growing  periods.This problem stemmed from t he seasonalvariations in the river flow and the absence of storage reservoirs to conserve the vast amounts of  surplus water during periods of high river  discharge. The Mangla Dam was the first development project undertaken to reduce this shortcoming andstrengthen the irrigation system. The dam was  damaged partially during an  Indian Air Forcebombing in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 when the hydel project was hit by the bombs. The Mangla Dam projectThe Mangla Dam, the twelfth largest dam and third largest earth-filled dam in the world, is only115 km southeast of Rawalpindi.One has to turn left from Dina Town and the dam on riverJhelum is about 14 km to the east. It was constructed in 1967 across the Jhelum River, about 100miles southeast of the federal capital, Islamabad. The main structures of the dam include 4embankment dams, 2 spillways, 5 power-cum-irrigation tunnels and a power station. The main dam is 10,300 feet long and 454 feet high (above core trench) with a re servoir of 97. 7square miles. Since its first impounding in 1967, sedimentation has occurred to the extent of 1. 13MAF, and the present gross storage capacity has declined to 4. 5 MAF from the actual design of  5. 88 MAF. The live capacity has declined to 4. 58 MAF from 5. 34 MAF. This implies a reductionof 19. 22% in the capacity of the dam. The project was designed primarily to increase the amount of water that could be used forirrigation from the flow of the Jhelum and its  tributaries. Its secondary function was to generateelectrical power from the irrigation releases at the artificial head of  the reservoir. The project wasnot designed as a flood control structure, although some benefit in this respect also arises from itsuse for irrigation and water supply.In the centre of the dam there is a Gakkhar Fort from where one can have a panoramic view of thelake. MIRANI DAMMirani Dam is located in Gwadar District, Balochistan,  Pakistan. Mirani Dam multipurposeproject, is loc ated on Dasht River, about 30 miles west of Turbat in Makran Division of  Balochistan, it envisages provision of dependable irrigation supplies for the development ref  irrigated agriculture on the two banks of the river. The project have been completed in November2006 and inaugurated by president Pervaiz of Pakistan.SHAKIDOR DAMThe Shakidor (Shadi Kor) dam is located near Pasni, in the Balochistan province of south westPakistan, 1,900 km (1,180 miles) from Islamabad and has a length of about 148 meters (485 feet). It was built in 2003, at a  cost of 45 million rupees (758,853 dollars), to provide irrigation water tothe nearby farms. On February 10, 2005, the dam burst under the pressure of a weeks' worth of rain, killing at least70 villagers and dragging their bodies  to the Arabian Sea. The  Pakistani military was sent intoemergency Search and Rescue operations, saving 1,200 people but still having to account for over400 missing.SUKKAR BARRAGEThe Sukkur barrage is a barr age across the Indus river near the city of Sukkur, Pakistan. It wasbuilt during the British Raj from 1923 to 1932 as the Lloyd Barrage to  help alleviate faminescaused by lack of rain. The barrage enables water to flow through what was originally a 6166-mile long network of canals, feeding the  largest irrigation system in the world, with more than  5million acres (20,000 km? ) of irrigated land. The retaining wall has sixty-six spans, each 60 feet wide; each span has a gate which weighs 50tons.TARBELA DAMTarbela Dam (or the National Dam), the world's largest earth-filled dam on one of the world'smost important rivers – the Indus-, is 103  km from Rawalpindi near Haripur District. It is a majorsource of Pakistan's total hydroelectric capacity. Tarbela Dam is part of the Indus Basin Project,which resulted from a water treaty signed in 1960 between India and Pakistan, guaranteeingPakistan water supplies independent of upstream control by India. Construction began in 19 68,and was completed in 1976 at a cost of Rs. 18. 5 billion. Over 15,000 Pakistani and 800 foreignworkers and engineers worked during its construction.It is the biggest hydel power station inPakistan having a capacity of generating 3,478 MW of electricity. The dam has a volume of  138,600,000 cubic yards (106,000,000 m? ). With a reservoir capacity of 11,098,000 acre-feet(13. 69 km? ), the dam is 469  feet (143 m) high and 8,997 feet (2,743 m) wide at its crest whiletotal area of the lake is 260 sq. km. It helps to maintain the flow of the Indus during seasonalfluctuations. A new, smaller hydroelectric power project has been developed downstream known as the GhaziBarotha Hydel Power Project.It is solely for  generating electricity and has a  water channel withthe highest flow in the world. While the dam has fulfilled its purpose in  storing water for agricultural use in Pakistan,  there havebeen environmental consequences to the Indus river delta. Reductions of seasonal flooding andreduced water flows to the delta have decreased mangrove stands and the abundance of some fishspecies. Permits are required for visiting the Dam. Please contact Public Relations Officer (PRO), Waterand Power Development Authority (WAPDA), Tarbela (Tel: 051-568941-2).A No-ObjectionCertificate (NOC) from the Ministry of Interior (Shaheed-e-Millat Sectt. ), Islamabad is alsorequired for foreign visitors. DIAMER-BHASHA DAMDiamer-Bhasha Dam is the name of a dam that has been planned in the Northern Areas of  Pakistan on the River Indus. It is located about 314 km upstream of Tarbela Dam and about 165km downstream of Gilgit. The dam is expected to create a large reservoir with a gross capacity of  7. 3 million-acre feet (9 km? ) submerging large tracts of land  in the Diamer district. The dam issupposed to have a power generation capacity of 3. 60 megawatts and is expected to considerableease up the skewed hydro to thermal power generation ratio in Pakistan. It is expect ed that thedetailed drawings of the dam would be completed by March 2008, immediately after whichconstruction work shall begin. TANDA DAM (RAMSAR SITE)Tanda Dam is lcated in  Kohat District, North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan. The sitecomprises a small water storage area in  semi-arid hills in the  catchments of the Kohat Toi River. Although most of the shoreline is steep, stony and devoid of aquatic vegetation, at the west endthere are some areas of gently shelving muddy shores with a small amount of emergent