Venus (Research Paper) Essay Example for Free

genus genus Venus (Research Paper) EssayVenus is one of the most beautiful and tantalizing heavenly body. It is much closer to Earth than any other artificial satellites. Venus is a brilliant object in the night sky and sometimes brighter than any other stars in the heavens. Only the Sun and the Moon outshines her. Like the be major planets, Venus revolves around the Sun inside the solar orbit of the Earth. Thus, Venus can either be a morning or evening star.1 Her name, Venus, comes from the popish goddess of love and beauty. Venus, as a planet, is rather frustrating.She hides herself in a thick white veil of clouds and no one clearly seen her draw near.2 The astronomers are force to reside in an extensive effort to uncover secrets of her for they know a little somewhat it. The main purpose of my paper is to show some facts about Venus and also deepen the knowledge of the readers. Venus possesses some features that are nearly the same as Earths. One of this is that Venus is closely the same size of it and weight as Earth. Just a little smaller in diameter and lighter in weight. Its gravity also holds captive an atmosphere about the size of our own.3 Venus internal structure is similar to Earths as it is composed of crust, mantle and core. Thats why Venus is often theme of as Earths twin.______________1Robert Leo I. Heller, Planets Inside the Orbit of Earth, Challenges to Science (Montreal McGraw-Hill Book Inc., 1979), p. 402.2Gerald S. Hawkins, Venus and Mars, grandness in the Sky (London Harper and Row print nominate, 1961), p. 122.3Mark O. Palin, Venus, The Physical World (Miami Hunter-Dee Book Inc., 1999), p. 99 But in other ways, Venus appears to be quite different from Earth. First, Venus rotates in a very strange manner. Most of the planets rotate counterclockwise while Venus rotates clockwise or backward. Then, Venus may have atmosphere but it wouldnt be able to support life as you know like Earth. Its atmosphere is made up of more than 90% of Carbon Dioxide and almost no Oxygen. Her temperature to a fault is high which is 100 times greater than Earths and enough to melt Lead.4 Unlike other planets, Venus progress is never seen though legion(predicate) scientists claimed to have a glimpse of it through cloud openings which seems very unlikely because her dense clouds are hundreds of miles deep.5 Venus, though rotating around the Sun, never experiences day and night because of the thick, ash-like clouds covering it. It is dark for sunlight does not penetrate the clouds. What is the surface of the Venus like? Some astronomers say that Venus surface is covered by full-size mountain ranges and deep swamps. People who dont know much about Science think that Venus is covered with glowing waters. But, according to Galileos old journal, Venus is impossibly covered by water because of its high temperature. The best guess today is that Venus is chiefly a vast and sandy desert. The desert is flat, for wind-driven sand has long ago worn down the hills and filled in the hollows. It is dry, for rain cannot fall on it and it is surely unable to support life.6______________4Heller, p. 403.5Roy A. Gallant, Exploring Venus, globes Reach for the Stars (New York Doubleday and Company Inc., 1959), p. 146.6Patricia C. Lauber, Mercury and Venus, All about Planets (New York Random House Inc., 1960), p. 56. Venus is mostly covered by volcanic plates because of her high temperature. The surface has been severely fractured and folded by stresses caused by convection of the Venusian mantle because of frequent volcanic eruptions. Radar images indicate that the highlands on Venus have rougher surfaces than Earths land forms because its images shows miniskirt magma explosions inside.7 The light emitted by Venus which makes her shine in the dawn or evening possibly comes from the great bolts of lightning or from volcanic eruptions.8 Explorations on Venus make up many attempts in gathering entropy to prove some ex isting parts of her.Soviet Union and USSR probes are one of the most eager astronomers in studying the mysterious planet, Venus. Venera 1 or also called Venus 1 is the first probe sent by USSR in 1961. The Venera 1 is said to be a failed mission because the probe only flew past on Venus. This event is said to be a dj vu for the second probe, Venera 2, sent by the Soviet Union in 1965, experienced the same miscalculated direction as it flew past on Venus too. The third probe, Venera 3, still sent by Soviet Union in 1965, is also a failed one but it touches the Venus surface because the probe crashes on it. Scientists reported that they had maintained regular radio confabulation with the 3 failed probes but the signals were lost before it reaches Venus outermost atmosphere.9______________7Venus, Comptons Encyclopedia (U.S.A. Comptons Learning Company, 1996), 19408.8Lauber, p. 54.9Robert W. Peterson, USSR and U.S. Send Probes to Venus, Space From counterpart to the Moon and Beyond (N ew York Facts on File Inc., 1972), p. 102.Venera 4, a probe sent by USSR in 1967, is the heaviest Venus probe known to have been launched by USSR. As the probe reaches Venus atmosphere, it was burned into ashes but luckily a parachute system operated by the USSRs satellite smoothly descended into Venus surface. This probe successfully sent information about Venus to the NASA regarding its atmospheric pressure at the surface of the planet might be as high as 22 times the Earths and later proved that its atmosphere was mostly composed of Carbon Dioxide. But, Venera 4 stopped sending unexpectedly it seems that fierce winds and intensified heat destroyed the probe. Venera 1, 2, 3 and 4 are all unmanned probes.Alongside of launching the Veneras, Mariner 1, a 3D Venus probe launched by USSR in 1962, veered off-course and was destroyed after launching but Mariner 2, launched in the same year, flew successfully and provided a large amount of data to NASA. Mariner 5 of USSR, launched on 19 67, flew within 2,480 miles of the surface of the Venus and collected some information about Venus environment and thus, contradicted Venera 4s collected information.11 Soviet unmanned probes, Venera 5 and Venera 6, reached the planet Venus. Though Venera 5 just stopped in the midst of Venus atmosphere, Venera 6 is there to pursue on entering the planets atmosphere and it successfully did. Venera 6 sent data about Venus having land forms such as mountain ranges and volcanoes.12______________10Peterson, p. 103.11Peterson, p. 104.12Peterson, p. 211.The USSRs unmanned spacecraft Venera 7, launched in 1971, was the last probe sent to Venus. Venera 7 is the most successful probe because it sent countless of information about the planet. These are Venus temperature was above normal, Venus dont experience night and day, Venus rotate backward and many information that are helpful in learning the planet Venus.13 Today, NASA is trying to reach Venus again by sending 2 manned probe flyby by using the Apollo program. Meaning, a man will be riding the probe but he is prohibited ongoing outside the probe if he is in the vicinity of Venus atmosphere as said in Apollo Program.14 In these given data, we can say that Venus is not just a mere planet revolving around the Sun, but a planet full of mysteries. It may not awaken our senses but it can poke our curiousity by asking question of whats and hows about her. In the science advancement today, more facts will be known about Venus. Powerful radar and other instruments will probe its thick clouds, mapping the surface and timing the rotation. Satellites and rockets will relay back information on what the clouds are made of. Someday, valiant explorers may descend through clouds and start discovering. The more bits and pieces of data we can collect from the planets, the better chances for us of reading our own history.______________13Peterson, p. 258.14Jeffrey K. Wagner, Venus, Introduction to Solar System (U.S.A. Saunders Colleg e Publishing, 1991), p. 185.BIBILIOGRAPHYGallant, Roy A. Exploring Venus. Mans Reach for the Stars. New York Doubleday and Company, Inc., 1959.Hawkins, Gerald S. Venus and Mars. Splendor in the Sky. London Harper and Row Publishing House, 1961.Heller, Robert Leo I. Planets Inside the Orbit of Earth. Challenges to Science. Montreal McGraw-Hill Book Inc., 1979.Lauber, Patricia C. Mercury and Venus. All about Planets. New York Random House Inc., 1960.Palin, Mark O. Venus. The Physical World. Miami Hunter-Dee Book Inc., 1999.Peterson, Robert W. USSR and U.S. Send Probes to Venus. Space From Gemini to the Moon and Beyond. New York Facts on File Inc., 1972.Wagner, Jeffrey K. Venus. Introduction to Solar System. U.S.A. Saunders College Publishing House, 1991.Venus. Comptons Encyclopedia. U.S.A. Comptons Learning Company, 1996.